ꦀ
Infrequent. Only used for OM.
-m syllable-final consonant. Nasalises the vowel (like candrabindu).
`, '\u{A981}': `
ꦁ
-ŋ syllable-final consonant.
ꦥꦼꦠꦼꦁ
ꦲꦁꦏ꧀ꦭꦸꦁ
`, '\u{A982}': `
ꦂ
-r syllable-final consonant.
ꦥꦼꦫꦲꦸꦭꦪꦂ
ꦏꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦂ
In search operations, this should be equivalent to A9AB, so that word-forms like the following will be found close to each other:
ꦢꦲꦂ
ꦢꦲꦫ
`, '\u{A983}': `ꦃ
-h syllable-final consonant.
ꦱꦼꦏꦺꦴꦭꦃ
In search operations, this should be equivalent to A9B2, so that word-forms like the following will be found close to each other:
ꦒꦧꦃ
ꦒꦧꦲꦺ
`, '\u{A984}': `ꦄ
a independent vowel. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words. The more normal way to represent this independent vowel is with ꦲ. For example, compare the following adjective and proper noun:
ꦲꦪꦸ
ꦄꦪꦸ
Combinations
ꦄꦴ
aː is ꦄꦴ
`, '\u{A985}': `
Not used in modern Javanese. Read more.
`, '\u{A986}': `ꦆ
i independent vowel. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words, eg.
ꦆꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦫꦏ꧀ꦱꦶ
Normally, ꦲꦶ is used, instead.
`, '\u{A987}': `Not used in modern Javanese. Read more.
`, '\u{A988}': `ꦈ
u independent vowel. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words.
Normally, ꦲꦸ is used, instead.
Combinations
ꦈꦴ
uː is ꦈꦴ
`, '\u{A989}': `
ꦉ
rə independent vocalic. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words.
ꦲꦸꦧꦶꦉꦧꦸꦱ꧀
Javanese vocalics don't have corresponding vowel signs, however they do have subjoined forms, eg.
ꦒꦼꦭꦱ꧀ꦉꦱꦶꦏ꧀
`, '\u{A98A}': `ꦊ
lə independent vocalic. Treated as a consonant in Javanese.
ꦊꦩꦃꦊꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦠ꧀
This has a subjoined (pasangan) form which doesn't carry vowel signs, however, [Teguh] implies that it is not used in modern Javanese, saying that macul lembah is spelled ꦩꦕꦸꦭ꧀ꦭꦼꦩꦃ mʧul͓ləmh̽ rather than ꦩꦕꦸꦭ꧀ꦊꦩꦃ mʧul͓l̥mh̽ `, '\u{A98B}': `
Not used for modern Javanese. Read more.
`, '\u{A98C}': `ꦌ
e~ɛ independent vowel. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words.
꧈ꦢꦺ꧈ꦲ꧈ꦌꦭ꧀꧈
Normally, ꦲꦺ is used, instead.
`, '\u{A98D}': `ꦍ
Not used for modern Javanese.
`, '\u{A98E}': `ꦎ
o independent vowel. Used to differentiate proper nouns or foreign words from ordinary words.
ꦎꦏ꧀ꦠꦺꦴꦧꦼꦂ
Normally, ꦲꦺꦴ is used, instead.
Combinations
ꦎꦴ
au is ꦎꦴ
`, '\u{A98F}': `
ꦏ
k consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦏꦕ
ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀
Combinations
ꦏ꦳
x is ꦏ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A990}': `
ꦐ
Used for transliteration of the sound q from the Sasak language.
`, '\u{A991}': `ꦑ
k murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics.
ꦦꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ
`, '\u{A992}': `
ꦒ
ɡ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦒꦧꦃ
ꦧ꧀ꦊꦢꦸꦒ꧀
Combinations
ꦒ꦳
ɣ is ꦒ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A993}': `
ꦓ
ɡ murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
`, '\u{A994}': `
ꦔ
ŋ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦔꦺꦭꦶꦁꦔꦶ
ꦲꦔꦺꦭ꧀
Combinations
ꦔ꦳
ʔ is ꦔ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A995}': `
ꦕ
t͡ʃ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦕꦼꦩꦼꦁ
ꦏꦕ
`, '\u{A996}': `
ꦖ
t͡ʃ murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
Only found in non-initial positions as a subjoined consonant, ie.
꧀ꦖ
`, '\u{A997}': `ꦗ
d͡ʒ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦗꦮ
ꦒꦗꦃ
Combinations
ꦗ꦳
z is ꦗ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦗ꦳ꦏꦠ꧀
`, '\u{A998}': `ꦘ
ɲ murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
`, '\u{A999}': `
ꦙ
Infrequent.
d͡ʒ mahaprana consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
`, '\u{A99A}': `
ꦚ
ɲ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦚꦠ
ꦕꦼꦩꦼꦔꦚ꧀
`, '\u{A99B}': `
ꦛ
ʈ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦏꦸꦛ
`, '\u{A99C}': `
ꦜ
Infrequent.
ʈ mahaprana consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
`, '\u{A99D}': `
ꦝ
ɖ consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦩꦸꦝ
`, '\u{A99E}': `
ꦞ
Infrequent.
ɖ mahaprana consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
`, '\u{A99F}': `
ꦟ
n murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
ꦦꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ
`, '\u{A9A0}': `
ꦠ
t consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦠꦼꦏ
ꦣꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀
`, '\u{A9A1}': `
ꦡ
t murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
Combinations
A rare rekan usage, with other characters, represents the Chinese sound the, ie. ꦡ͜ꦌ̈ `, '\u{A9A2}': `
ꦢ
d consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦢꦲꦂ
ꦧꦺꦢ
Combinations
ꦢ꦳
ð is ꦢ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A9A3}': `
ꦣ
Infrequent.
ɖ mahaprana consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
ꦣꦂꦩ
ꦧ꧀ꦊꦣꦸꦒ꧀
`, '\u{A9A4}': `
ꦤ
n consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦤꦼꦣ
ꦠꦩꦤ꧀
Combinations
A rare rekan usage, with other characters, represents the Chinese sound nie, ie. ꦤ͜ꦌ̈ `, '\u{A9A5}': `
ꦥ
p consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦥꦼꦠꦼꦁ
ꦢꦸꦥ
Rather than a subjoined form, this letter has a conjoined form.
ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦤ꧀
Combinations
ꦥ꦳
f is ꦥ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A9A6}': `
ꦦ
p murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
ꦦꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ
Rather than a subjoined form, this letter has a conjoined form.
`, '\u{A9A7}': `ꦧ
b consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦧꦛꦶꦏ꧀
ꦒꦧꦃ
`, '\u{A9A8}': `
ꦨ
b murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
ꦨꦶꦩ
`, '\u{A9A9}': `
ꦩ
m consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦩꦕ
ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦤ꧀
Shaping
This character has a very different shape when subjoined.
ꦗꦤ꧀ꦩ
`, '\u{A9AA}': `ꦪ
j consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦪꦠꦿ
ꦏꦿꦶꦪ
Combinations
A rare rekan usage, with other characters, represents the Chinese sound yo, ie. ꦪ꦳ꦺꦴ `, '\u{A9AB}': `
ꦫ
r consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦫꦠ꧀ꦤ
ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ
`, '\u{A9AC}': `
ꦬ
Not used in modern text. Read more.
`, '\u{A9AD}': `ꦭ
l eg. ꦭꦫ ꦲꦔꦺꦭ꧀
`, '\u{A9AD}': `ꦭ
l consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦭꦫ
ꦲꦔꦺꦭ꧀
`, '\u{A9AE}': `
ꦮ
w consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ
ꦚꦮ
ꦮ꧀ꦭꦶꦫꦁ
ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦮ
`, '\u{A9AF}': `ꦯ
Rare.
s murda consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
ꦫ꧈ꦩ꧈ꦯꦸꦭꦂꦠ
A rare rekan usage, with other characters, represents the Chinese sound se, ie. ꦯ͜ꦌ̈
Another represents the Chinese syo, ie. ꦯ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ `, '\u{A9B0}': `
ꦰ
Infrequent.
s mahaprana consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ. Used for honorifics. See the orthography description for details.
Rather than a subjoined form, this letter has a conjoined form.
꧀ꦰ (infrequent)
`, '\u{A9B1}': `ꦱ
s consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦱꦶꦱ꧀ꦮ
ꦏꦤꦱ꧀
Rather than a subjoined form, this letter has a conjoined form, eg.
ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ
Combinations
ꦱ꦳
ʃ is ꦱ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A9B2}': `
ꦲ
h consonant with inherent vowel a ɔ.
ꦢꦲꦂ
ꦒꦧꦲꦺ
a when used to represent the standalone vowel sound.
ꦏꦶꦩꦶꦲ
ꦲꦪꦸ
∅ as a standalone vowel carrier. This is the standard way to represent standalone vowels.
ꦧꦲꦸꦱꦱ꧀ꦠꦿ
ꦩꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀
The reading of this letter can be ambiguous, eg. compare the beginning of these two words:
ꦲꦤꦕꦫꦏ
ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ
Rather than a subjoined form, this letter has a conjoined form.
꧀ꦲ
Combinations
ꦲ꦳
ħ is ꦲ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦲꦶ
i is ꦲꦶ
ꦲꦸ
u is ꦲꦸ
ꦲꦺ
e is ꦲꦺ
ꦲꦼ
ə is ꦲꦼ
ꦲꦴ
a is ꦲꦴ
A rare rekan usage, with other characters, represents the Chinese sound hwe, ie. ꦲ꧀ꦮꦌ̈ `, '\u{A9B3}': `
꦳
Used with consonants to represent foriegn sounds (typically sounds of Arabic). See details.
`, '\u{A9B3}': `꦳
Used with consonants to represent foriegn sounds (typically sounds of Arabic). See details.
Combinations
ꦔ꦳
ʔ is ꦔ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words) foriegn sound
ꦥ꦳
f is ꦥ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦢ꦳
ð is ꦢ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦗ꦳
z is ꦗ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦱ꦳
ʃ is ꦱ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦏ꦳
x is ꦏ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦒ꦳
ɣ is ꦒ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
ꦲ꦳
ħ is ꦲ꦳ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)
`, '\u{A9B4}': `
ꦴ
Not used alone in modern Javanese.
Combinations
o is ꦺꦴ [U+A9BA JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING + U+A9B4 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG], eg. ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ
Note that these two vowel signs have to be input separately, unlike many two-part vowels in Indic scripts, and unlike Balinese also.
The corresponding independent vowel letter for o is ꦎ [U+A98E JAVANESE LETTER O].
`, '\u{A9B4}': `ꦴ
Not used alone in modern Javanese.
Combinations
ꦺꦴ
o is ꦺꦴ
ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ
The following need further investigation.
ꦼꦴ
ɨ is ꦼꦴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words) Sundanese
ꦈꦴ
uː is ꦈꦴ
ꦲꦴ
a is ꦲꦴ
ꦄꦴ
aː is ꦄꦴ
ꦎꦴ
au is ꦎꦴ
`, '\u{A9B5}': `
Not used for Javanese. Read more.
`, '\u{A9B6}': `ꦶ
i vowel sign.
ꦏꦶꦮ
`, '\u{A9B7}': `
Archaic. Read more.
`, '\u{A9B8}': `ꦸ
u vowel sign.
ꦧꦸꦠ
`, '\u{A9B9}': `
Archaic. Read more.
`, '\u{A9BA}': `ꦺ
e vowel sign.
ꦧꦺꦢ
Combinations
ꦺꦴ
o is ꦺꦴ
ꦏꦿꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ
The corresponding independent vowel letter for o is A98E.
`, '\u{A9BB}': `ꦻ
Archaic. Read more.
`, '\u{A9BC}': `ꦼ
ə eg. ꦕꦼꦩꦼꦔꦚ꧀
There is no corresponding independent vowel letter.
`, '\u{A9BC}': `ꦼ
ə vowel sign.
ꦕꦼꦩꦼꦔꦚ꧀
There is no corresponding independent vowel letter.
Combinations
ꦼꦴ
ɨ is ꦼꦴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words) Sundanese
ꦲꦼ
ə is ꦲꦼ
ꦼꦵ
ɤ is ꦼꦵ (archaic) archaic
`, '\u{A9BD}': `
ꦽ
-rə medial vocalic.
ꦕꦕꦶꦁꦏꦽꦩꦶ cacing kremi
`, '\u{A9BE}': `
ꦾ
-j- medial consonant.
ꦏꦾꦲꦶꦏꦤ꧀ꦗꦼꦁ kyai kanjeng
It's not always clear from a Latin transcription when this is used rather than the letter nya.
ꦭꦠꦲꦤ꧀ꦚꦚꦶ
`, '\u{A9BF}': `ꦿ
-r- medial consonant.
ꦥꦿꦩꦸꦏ
`, '\u{A9C0}': `
꧀
Usually only visible at the end of a sentence or piece of text, where it suppresses the inherent vowel of the preceding consonant, eg. ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀
Between words this character is not usually visible, but it changes the following consonant's glyph shape and/or produces a subjoined consonant to indicate that there is no intervening vowel.
Occasionally this may appear in the middle of a word, eg. ꦧꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦗꦏꦂꦠ
Observation: It's not clear from the Unicode Standard how to achieve this, however a zero width space works, and so does a zero width non-joiner.
`, '\u{A9C0}': `꧀
Usually only visible at the end of a sentence or piece of text, where it suppresses the inherent vowel of the preceding consonant.
ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀
Between words this character is not usually visible, but it changes the following consonant's glyph shape and/or produces a subjoined consonant to indicate that there is no intervening vowel.
Occasionally this may appear in the middle of a word, eg.
ꦧꦶꦱ꧀ꦠꦿꦤ꧀ꦱ꧀ꦗꦏꦂꦠ
Observation: It's not clear from the Unicode Standard how to achieve this, however a zero width space works, and so does a zero width non-joiner.
`, '\u{A9C1}': `꧁
Used around a title. Paired with ꧂ [U+A9C2 JAVANESE RIGHT RERENGGAN]
`, '\u{A9C2}': `꧂
Used around a title. Paired with ꧁ [U+A9C1 JAVANESE LEFT RERENGGAN]
`, '\u{A9C3}': `꧃
Used to introduce a letter to a person of younger age or lower rank. The difference between this and ꧅ and ꧄ is the length of the left-most swash.
`, '\u{A9C4}': `꧄
Used to introduce a letter to a person of equal age or rank. The difference between this and ꧅ and ꧃ is the length of the left-most swash.
`, '\u{A9C5}': `꧅
Used to introduce a letter to a person of older age or higher rank. The difference between this and ꧄ and ꧃ is the length of the left-most swash.
This is also used for several other combinations of characters associated with poetry: ꧅ꦧ꧀ꦖ꧅ or ꧅ꦧ꧀ꦕ꧅ (purwapada) introduces a poem; ꧅ꦟ꧀ꦢꦿ꧅ (madyapada) introduces a new song within a poem; and ꧅ꦆ꧅ (wasanapada) indicates the end of a poem.
`, '\u{A9C6}': `꧆
This is only used alongside other punctuation marks.
With A9CB to make pada guru, which introduces a letter without age or rank distinction.
꧋꧆꧋
With ꧉ it is used to make pada pancak, which ends a letter.
꧉꧆꧉
`, '\u{A9C7}': `꧇
Colon equivalent, or number indicator.
It is used as a number indicator because many of the digits in Javanese are identical to other letters. The pada pangkat is used on either side of a number to indicate that these are digits, eg. ꦱꦼꦭꦱ꧇꧑꧙꧇ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧑꧓꧇
`, '\u{A9C8}': `꧈
Similar to a comma, but not used as such after A9C0. If it is used after that, it represents a full stop.
It is also used after initials in a name, eg.
ꦫ꧈ꦩ꧈ꦯꦸꦭꦂꦠ
`, '\u{A9C9}': `꧉
Equivalent to a full stop.
Combinations
It is also used with ꧆ to end a letter, ie. pada pancak:
꧉꧆꧉
This combination may also involve just ꧆꧉
Or it may be repeated with spaces between to fill the line, eg. ꧉ ꧆ ꧉ ꧆ ꧉ ꧆ ꧉
`, '\u{A9CA}': `꧊
Used as parentheses or quotation marks.
`, '\u{A9CB}': `꧋
Used to introduce a paragraph or section.
Combinations
This is also used with ꧆ to introduce a letter without age or rank distinction (pada guru):
꧋꧆꧋
`, '\u{A9CC}': `꧌
Used for parentheses or quotation marks. Paired with ꧍.
`, '\u{A9CD}': `꧍
Used for parentheses or quotation marks. Paired with ꧌.
`, '\u{A9CF}': `ꧏ
Iteration mark, eg.
ꦧꦸꦏꦸꧏ
It can be transcribed as buku2.
Derived from the Arabic digit ٢ U+0662 ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO.
`, '\u{A9D0}': `꧐
0 digit.
`, '\u{A9D1}': `꧑
1 digit.
`, '\u{A9D2}': `꧒
2 digit.
`, '\u{A9D3}': `꧓
3 digit.
`, '\u{A9D4}': `꧔
4 digit.
`, '\u{A9D5}': `꧕
5 digit.
`, '\u{A9D6}': `꧖
6 digit.
`, '\u{A9D7}': `꧗
7 digit.
`, '\u{A9D8}': `꧘
8 digit.
`, '\u{A9D9}': `꧙
9 digit.
`, '\u{A9DE}': `꧞
Rare. infrequent
Wikipedia explains that this mark is used in handwriting to indicate a correction in Yogyakarta, eg. where a scribe wanted to write pada luhur but actually wrote pada wu they would use this mark as follows:
ꦥꦢꦮꦸ꧞꧞꧞ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ
In Surakarta they would use the character A9DF instead.
`, '\u{A9DF}': `꧟
Rare. infrequent
Wikipedia explains that this mark is used in handwriting to indicate a correction in Yogyakarta, eg. where a scribe wanted to write pada luhur but actually wrote pada wu they would use this mark as follows:
ꦥꦢꦮꦸ꧟꧟꧟ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ
In Yogyakarta they would use the character A9DE instead.
`, }