Tagus Guadiana Guadalquivir Duero Ebro Garonne Loire Seine Rhone Rhine Elbe Oder Danube Dniester Dnieper Don Volga Adige Po Weser Vistula W. Dvina N. Dvina Lake Ladoga Indalsälven Bug Warta Ems Main Moselle Meuse Schelde Vienne Dordogne Tarn Yvonne Marne Durance Saone Tiber Adda Ofanto Inn Vltava Morova Drava Sava Velika Morava Tisa Mures Olt Ialomita Prut Dirin Aliakmonas Axios Ardas Drina Pivdennyi Buh Desna Seversky Donets Ural Kama Volga Oka Volga Kızılırmak Yeşılırmak Ceyhan Araz Kür Euphrates Tigris Murat Sebou Moulouya Österdalälven Könkämäälven Trent Thames Severn Shannon Khopyor Ijssel Berkel Waal Somme Oise Aisne Creuse Indre Cher Sevre Charente Vilaine Mayenne Sarthe Adour Gers Ariege Lot Isère Ain Doubs Sambre Seguro Esla Segre Miño Arno Büyük Menderes Susurluk Caıl Sakarya Vättern Vättern Vättern Vättern Vänern Klarälven Skellefteälven Lulleälven Kalixälven Göta älv Glåma Vorma Gudbrandsdalslågen Pripyats Neris/Viliya Neman Narva LakePeipsi Velikaya Neva Volkhov Lovat Msta Rostov Murom Smolensk Kiev Novgorod Suzdal Chernigov Volodimir Turov Polotsk Ryazan Antioch Edessa Tripoli UK Ireland Morocco Portugal Kazakhstan Iran Azerbaijan Iceland Jordan Israel Lebanon Armenia Georgia Estonia Latvia Spain France Italy Germany Poland Denmark Norway Sweden Finland Belarus Ukraine Romania Turkey Russia Syria Iraq Algeria Tunisia Hungary CzechRepublic Slovakia Bulgaria Austria Switzerland Moldova Slovenia Croatia Serbia Bosnia Albania Macedonia Greece Lithuania Montenegro Belgium Netherlands Lux. PapalState Irish Frisians Saxons Danes Norse Swedes Getes Balts Slavs Finns Alans Lapps Byzantine Empire ArabCaliphate Armenians Absagians Picts Bretons Berbers Basques K. of Asturias Realm of theFranks Iberians K. of theLombards D. ofSpoleto D. ofBenevento AvarKhanate Scots K. ofNorthumberland D. ofBavaria Danube Bulgars Umayyad Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate K. of Mercia K. of Wessex Welsh OnogurBulgars VolgaBulgars KhazarKhanate Rome 737CE   138   230   305   362   406   420   451   476   528   565   600   626   651   737   771   830   888   925   1000   1030   1071   1092   1100   1130   1173   1212   1230 Options: Relief map Borders Rivers Names

maps > europe

651CE ◀ ▶ 771CE

Options:   ReliefBordersRiversNamesShading

737, The second wind of the Arabs

653 Armenia and Iberia fall into Arab hands.

655 Northumberland regains leadership of the Anglo-Saxons and brings the Strathclyde 'Welsh', Picts and Scots as vassals.

679 The Anglo-Saxons transfer their alliegence to Mercia.

695 The Picts and Scots throw off the Northumberland yoke.

696 Lazica overcome by the Arabs.

698 The Arabs conquer Carthage.

702 The Berbers are conquered and converted. This gives them the confidence and recruits to cross into the Iberian peninsula.

711 The Arab victory over the Visigoths delivers the whole peninsula into their hands, plus a corner of Gaul from which to attack the Franks.

Abasgia in the Caucasus is also overrun, and the Arabs then attack and break the power of the Khazars. The latter lose their Bulgarian and Volga tributaries.

732 The Frankish king, Charles Martel, repels the Arabs at Poitiers, marking the end of Arab successes in Europe.

by 737 The Byzantines lose control of central Italy. Rome and its hinterland are controlled by the Pope.

Sources

The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History, Colin McEvedy, pp 34-35

The Times History of Europe, Mark Almond et al., pp 56-57

Liutprand, King of Lombards, Wikipedia

Cyprus, Middle Ages, Wikipedia