602 Roman soldiers fighting the Avars revolt, because they don't want to winter beyond the Danube. They march on Constantinople and murder Emperor Maurice. The Avars take the opportunity to run amuk in the Balkans, and the Slavs move south en masse behind them.

607-10 Persian Chosroes II reduces the fortresses of Roman Mesopotamia.

611-13 The Persians conquer Syria.

623 The Frankish kingdom is divided into Neustria and Austrasia.

614 Persian conquest of Palestine (and then Egypt in 616).

621 The Visigoths eliminate the last Byzantine stronghold in the Iberian peninsula.

623 Emperor Heraclius mounts a counter-offensive, via Iberia and Armenia with the support of the Khazars. The Persians advance on Constantinople, with help from the Avars, but are unable to cross the Bosphorus.

622 Mohammed flees from Mecca.

623 The Frankish kingdom is divided into Neustria and Austrasia.

by 626 The Kutrigur and Utrigur Huns coalesce and create a new nation known as Great Bulgaria. The Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria separates the British of Strathclyde and Wales.