197-9 Parthians lose a second war in this period with Rome, and the Romans annex the northern third of Mesapotamia.

213 The Romans incorporate the Arab Kingdom of Edessa into their province of Mesapotamia.

c225 The Persian king Ardashir overthrows the Parthian empire.

by 230 In the years surrounding the turn of the century, the Goths move from the Baltic to occupy the western Black Sea steppe, followed by the Vandals, who settle to their west, displacing the Jazyges.