1095 Pope Urban calls for a crusade.

1096 The first crusade reaches Constantinople and is subsequently massacred by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.

1094 El Cid captures Valencia.

1095 The Emirate of Badajoz is absorbed by the Almoravids.

1097 A new, better organized, crusader force, led by exprienced European figures, lays seige to and acquire Nicea, the capital of the Rum Seljuks. Advancing into Anatolia, they defeat the Turks at Dorylaeum, and then pass through Anatolia to begin the siege of Antioch.

1098 Norway becomes the overlord of the Shetlands and the Isle of Man.

1099 After an 18-month seige of Antioch, the Christian armies arrive at Jerusalem.