𖼀
p consonant.
𖼀𖽔
𖽐𖼀𖽔𖾐
b consonant also in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
pʰ is 𖼀𖽑
ᵐp is 𖽐𖼀
ᵐpʰ is 𖽐𖼀𖽑
`, '\u{16F01}': `
𖼁
b consonant.
Combinations
ᵐb is 𖽐𖼁
`, '\u{16F02}': `𖼂
`, '\u{16F03}': `𖼃
`, '\u{16F04}': `𖼄
m consonant.
Combinations
m̥ is 𖼄𖽑
`, '\u{16F05}': `𖼅
mʱ aspirated consonant.
`, '\u{16F06}': `
𖼆
`, '\u{16F07}': `𖼇
f consonant.
`, '\u{16F08}': `
𖼈
v consonant.
`, '\u{16F09}': `
𖼉
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F0A}': `
𖼊
t consonant.
𖽐𖼚𖽡𖽝𖾏 𖼊𖽡𖾐
𖽐𖼊𖽠𖾑
d consonant also in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
tʰ is 𖼊𖽑
ⁿt is 𖽐𖼊
ⁿtʰ is 𖽐𖼊𖽑
`, '\u{16F0B}': `𖼋
d consonant.
Combinations
ⁿd is 𖽐𖼋
`, '\u{16F0C}': `𖼌
`, '\u{16F0D}': `𖼍
`, '\u{16F0E}': `𖼎
ʈ consonant.
ɖ consonant also in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
ʈʰ is 𖼎𖽑
ᶯʈ is 𖽐𖼎
ᶯʈʰ is 𖽐𖼎𖽑
`, '\u{16F0F}': `𖼏
ɖ consonant.
Combinations
ᶯɖ is 𖽐𖼏
`, '\u{16F10}': `𖼐
n onset consonant.
𖼐𖽑𖽪𖾐
ɳ also, in the 1936 orthography.
𖼐𖽻𖾏
Combinations
n̥ is 𖼐𖽑
ɲ is 𖼐𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
ɳ̊ is 𖼐𖽑𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
`, '\u{16F11}': `𖼑
nʱ aspirated consonant.
Combinations
ɳʱ is 𖼑𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
`, '\u{16F12}': `𖼒
`, '\u{16F13}': `𖼓
`, '\u{16F14}': `𖼔
ɳ consonant.
Combinations
ɳ̊ is 𖼔𖽑
`, '\u{16F15}': `𖼕
ɳʱ aspirated consonant.
`, '\u{16F16}': `
𖼖
l consonant.
Combinations
ɬ is 𖼖𖽑
`, '\u{16F17}': `𖼗
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F18}': `
𖼘
ɬ consonant.
Combinations
ɬ is also 𖼘𖽑
`, '\u{16F19}': `𖼙
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F1A}': `
𖼚
t͡ɬ lateral release consonant.
d͡ɮ also in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
t͡ɬʰ is 𖼚𖽑
ⁿt͡ɬ is 𖽐𖼚
ⁿt͡ɬʰ is 𖽐𖼚𖽑
`, '\u{16F1B}': `
𖼛
d͡ɮ lateral release consonant.
Combinations
ⁿd͡ɮ is 𖽐𖼛
`, '\u{16F1C}': `𖼜
t͡ɬ lateral release consonant, in the 1988 orthography.
Combinations
t͡ɬʰ is 𖼜𖽑
ⁿt͡ɬ is 𖽐𖼜
ⁿt͡ɬʰ is 𖽐𖼜𖽑
`, '\u{16F1D}': `𖼝
d͡ɮ lateral release consonant.
Combinations
ⁿd͡ɮ is 𖽐𖼝
`, '\u{16F1E}': `𖼞
k consonant.
ɡ also, in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
kʰ is 𖼞𖽑
ᵑk is 𖽐𖼞
ᵑkʰ is 𖽐𖼞𖽑
`, '\u{16F1F}': `𖼟
ɡ consonant.
Combinations
ᵑɡ is 𖽐𖼟
`, '\u{16F20}': `𖼠
`, '\u{16F21}': `𖼡
q consonant.
ɢ also, in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
qʰ is 𖼡𖽑
ᶰq is 𖽐𖼡
ᶰqʰ is 𖽐𖼡𖽑
`, '\u{16F22}': `𖼢
ɢ consonant.
Combinations
ᶰɢ is 𖽐𖼢
`, '\u{16F23}': `𖼣
ŋ consonant.
Combinations
ŋ̊ is 𖼣𖽑
`, '\u{16F24}': `𖼤
ŋʱ aspirated consonant.
`, '\u{16F25}': `
𖼥
`, '\u{16F26}': `𖼦
h consonant.
χ consonant.
`, '\u{16F27}': `
𖼧
`, '\u{16F28}': `𖼨
ɣ consonant.
Combinations
x is 𖼨𖽑
`, '\u{16F29}': `𖼩
ɣ consonant.
`, '\u{16F2A}': `
𖼪
t͡ɕ consonant.
d͡ʑ also, in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
t͡ɕʰ is 𖼪𖽑
ᶯt͡ɕ is 𖽐𖼪
ᶯt͡ɕʰ is 𖽐𖼪𖽑
`, '\u{16F2B}': `𖼫
d͡ʑ consonant.
Combinations
ᶯd͡ʑ is 𖽐𖼫
`, '\u{16F2C}': `𖼬
ɲ consonant, in the 1988 orthography.
Combinations
ɲ̊ is 𖼬𖽑
`, '\u{16F2D}': `𖼭
ɲʱ aspirated consonant.
`, '\u{16F2E}': `
𖼮
ʈ͡ʂ consonant.
ɖ͡ʐ also, in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
ʈ͡ʂʰ is 𖼮𖽑
ᶯʈ͡ʂ is 𖽐𖼮
ᶯʈ͡ʂʰ is 𖽐𖼮𖽑
t͡ɕ d͡ʑ is 𖼮𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
t͡ɕʰ is 𖼮𖽑𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
ᶯt͡ɕ is 𖽐𖼮𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
ᶯt͡ɕʰ is 𖽐𖼮𖽑𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
`, '\u{16F2F}': `𖼯
ɖ͡ʐ consonant.
Combinations
d͡ʑ is 𖼯𖽡
ᶯɖ͡ʐ is 𖽐𖼯
ᶯd͡ʑ is 𖽐𖼯𖽡
`, '\u{16F30}': `𖼰
`, '\u{16F31}': `𖼱
`, '\u{16F32}': `𖼲
`, '\u{16F33}': `𖼳
ʂ consonant.
Combinations
ɕ is 𖼳𖽡 in the 1936 orthography.
`, '\u{16F34}': `𖼴
ɕ consonant in the 1988 orthography.
`, '\u{16F35}': `
𖼵
ʐ consonant.
`, '\u{16F36}': `
𖼶
`, '\u{16F37}': `𖼷
t͡s consonant.
𖽐𖼷𖽑𖽹
d͡z also, in the 1936 orthography.
Combinations
t͡sʰ is 𖼷𖽑
ⁿt͡s is 𖽐𖼷
ⁿt͡sʰ is 𖽐𖼷𖽑
`, '\u{16F38}': `𖼸
d͡z consonant.
Combinations
ⁿd͡z is 𖽐𖼸
`, '\u{16F39}': `𖼹
`, '\u{16F3A}': `𖼺
s consonant.
`, '\u{16F3B}': `
𖼻
z consonant.
`, '\u{16F3C}': `
𖼼
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F3D}': `
𖼽
ʑ consonant.
𖼽𖽔
`, '\u{16F3E}': `
𖼾
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F3F}': `
𖼿
`, '\u{16F40}': `𖽀
ʑ consonant in the 1988 orthography.
`, '\u{16F41}': `
𖽁
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F42}': `
𖽂
w consonant.
`, '\u{16F43}': `
𖽃
ʔ consonant.
𖽃𖽻
∅ sometimes.
Combinations
h is 𖽃𖽑 in the 1988 orthography.
`, '\u{16F44}': `𖽄
? consonant.
`, '\u{16F45}': `
𖽅
`, '\u{16F46}': `𖽆
`, '\u{16F47}': `𖽇
`, '\u{16F48}': `𖽈
`, '\u{16F49}': `𖽉
`, '\u{16F4A}': `𖽊
`, '\u{16F4F}': `𖽏
`, '\u{16F50}': `𖽐
ᵐ ⁿ ᶯ ᵑ ᶰ nasalisation marker. Always precedes the onset consonant.
𖽐𖼀𖽔𖾐
𖽐𖼊𖽠𖾑
`, '\u{16F51}': `
𖽑
ʰ aspiration marker.
𖽐𖼷𖽑𖽹
◌̥ devoicing marker for nasals.
𖼐𖽑𖽪𖾐
This may be rendered to the left of nasals, but is always typed and stored immediately after the consonant.
`, '\u{16F52}': `𖽒
`, '\u{16F53}': `𖽓
`, '\u{16F54}': `𖽔
a rhyme.
𖼀𖽔
𖼀𖽔𖾐
Combinations
u̯a is 𖽪𖽔
`, '\u{16F55}': `𖽕
`, '\u{16F56}': `𖽖
`, '\u{16F57}': `𖽗
an rhyme.
Combinations
aŋ is 𖽗𖽾 in the 1988 orthography.
`, '\u{16F58}': `𖽘
aŋ rhyme.
𖼀𖽘𖾐
ɑɯ̯ rhyme, according to Enwall.
`, '\u{16F59}': `
𖽙
o rhyme.
𖼯𖽙𖾑
𖼯𖽙
Combinations
i̯o is 𖽡𖽙
u̯o is 𖽪𖽙
oŋ is 𖽙𖽾
`, '\u{16F5A}': `𖽚
`, '\u{16F5B}': `𖽛
`, '\u{16F5C}': `𖽜
ɯ rhyme.
Combinations
i̯ɯ is 𖽡𖽜
`, '\u{16F5D}': `𖽝
e rhyme.
Combinations
i̯e is 𖽡𖽝
`, '\u{16F5E}': `𖽞
en rhyme.
Combinations
iŋ is 𖽡𖽞
`, '\u{16F5F}': `𖽟
eŋ rhyme.
`, '\u{16F60}': `
𖽠
œj rhyme.
𖽐𖼊𖽠𖾑
Combinations
iœy̯ is 𖽡𖽠
`, '\u{16F61}': `𖽡
i rhyme.
Combinations (onsets)
t͡ɕ d͡ʑ is 𖼮𖽡
d͡ʑ is 𖼯𖽡
t͡ɕʰ is 𖼮𖽑𖽡
ᶯt͡ɕ is 𖽐𖼮𖽡
ᶯt͡ɕʰ is 𖽐𖼮𖽑𖽡
ᶯd͡ʑ is 𖽐𖼯𖽡
ɕ is 𖼳𖽡
ɲ is 𖼐𖽡
ɳ̊ is 𖼐𖽑𖽡
ɳʱ is 𖼑𖽡
Combinations (rhymes)
i̯e is 𖽡𖽝
or 𖽡𖽳
𖽐𖼚𖽡𖽝𖾏 𖼊𖽡𖾐
i̯o is 𖽡𖽙
i̯au̯ is 𖽡𖽻
in is 𖽡𖽾
iŋ is 𖽡𖽞
i̯ɯ is 𖽡𖽜
iœy̯ is 𖽡𖽠
i̯ai̯ is 𖽡𖽹 `, '\u{16F62}': `
𖽢
i̯a rhyme.
`, '\u{16F63}': `
𖽣
i̯an rhyme.
`, '\u{16F64}': `
𖽤
i̯aŋ rhyme.
i̯aɯ̯ rhyme.
`, '\u{16F65}': `
𖽥
`, '\u{16F66}': `𖽦
i̯e rhyme.
`, '\u{16F67}': `
𖽧
`, '\u{16F68}': `𖽨
i̯u rhyme.
`, '\u{16F69}': `
𖽩
`, '\u{16F6A}': `𖽪
u rhyme.
𖼐𖽑𖽪𖾐
Combinations
u̯o is 𖽪𖽙
u̯ai̯ is 𖽪𖽹
u̯eɪ u̯aɪ is 𖽪𖽺
u̯a is 𖽪𖽔
`, '\u{16F6B}': `𖽫
u̯a rhyme.
`, '\u{16F6C}': `
𖽬
u̯an rhyme.
`, '\u{16F6D}': `
𖽭
u̯au̯ rhyme.
`, '\u{16F6E}': `
𖽮
`, '\u{16F6F}': `𖽯
`, '\u{16F70}': `𖽰
`, '\u{16F71}': `𖽱
y rhyme.
Combinations
i̯o is 𖽱𖽺
`, '\u{16F72}': `𖽲
`, '\u{16F73}': `𖽳
ə rhyme.
Combinations
i̯e is 𖽡𖽳
`, '\u{16F74}': `𖽴
`, '\u{16F75}': `𖽵
ʉ rhyme.
`, '\u{16F76}': `
𖽶
`, '\u{16F77}': `𖽷
ɨ rhyme.
`, '\u{16F78}': `
𖽸
`, '\u{16F79}': `𖽹
ai̯ rhyme.
𖽐𖼷𖽑𖽹
Combinations
i̯ai̯ is 𖽡𖽹
u̯ai̯ is 𖽪𖽹
`, '\u{16F7A}': `𖽺
ei̯ rhyme.
Combinations
i̯o is 𖽱𖽺
u̯eɪ u̯aɪ is 𖽪𖽺
`, '\u{16F7B}': `𖽻
au̯ rhyme.
𖽃𖽻
𖼐𖽻𖾏
Combinations
i̯au̯ is 𖽡𖽻
`, '\u{16F7C}': `𖽼
`, '\u{16F7D}': `𖽽
`, '\u{16F7E}': `𖽾
ŋ syllable final. Generally used after a vowel mark.
Combinations
in is 𖽡𖽾
oŋ is 𖽙𖽾
aŋ is 𖽗𖽾
`, '\u{16F7F}': `𖽿
`, '\u{16F80}': `𖾀
`, '\u{16F81}': `𖾁
`, '\u{16F82}': `𖾂
`, '\u{16F83}': `𖾃
`, '\u{16F84}': `𖾄
`, '\u{16F85}': `𖾅
`, '\u{16F86}': `𖾆
`, '\u{16F87}': `𖾇
`, '\u{16F8F}': `𖾏
Tone position marker, used in the 1936 orthography. Moves the rhyme to the mid height of the onset.
𖼐𖽻𖾏
`, '\u{16F90}': `
𖾐
Tone position marker, used in the 1936 orthography. Moves the rhyme to the height of the onset.
𖼀𖽔𖾐
𖼀𖽘𖾐
`, '\u{16F91}': `
𖾑
Tone position marker, used in the 1936 orthography. Moves the rhyme above the onset.
𖼯𖽙𖾑
𖽐𖼊𖽠𖾑
`, '\u{16F92}': `
𖾒
Tone position marker, not used for A-Hmao. Moves the rhyme below the onset.
`, '\u{16F93}': `
𖾓
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F94}': `𖾔
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F95}': `𖾕
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F96}': `𖾖
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F97}': `𖾗
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F98}': `𖾘
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F99}': `𖾙
Tone marker in the 1988 orthography. Sits on the baseline, and is typed and stored after the rhyme.
`, '\u{16F9A}': `𖾚
`, '\u{16F9B}': `𖾛
`, '\u{16F9C}': `𖾜
`, '\u{16F9D}': `𖾝
`, '\u{16F9E}': `𖾞
`, '\u{16F9F}': `𖾟
`, // COMMON PUNCTUATION // § '\u{00A7}': `§
`, // « '\u{00AB}': `«
`, // » '\u{00BB}': `»
`, // danda '\u{0964}': `।
`, // double danda '\u{0965}': `॥
`, // – '\u{2010}': `‐
`, // – '\u{2013}': `–
`, // — '\u{2014}': `—
`, // '.. '\u{2018}': `‘
`, // ..' '\u{2019}': `’
`, // ".. '\u{201C}': `“
`, // .." '\u{201D}': `”
`, // ! '\u{0021}': `!
`, // … '\u{2026}': `…
`, // ( '\u{0028}': `(
`, // ) '\u{0029}': `)
`, // , '\u{002C}': `,
`, // . '\u{002E}': `.
`, // : '\u{003A}': `:
`, // ; '\u{003B}': `;
`, // ? '\u{003F}': `?
`, // cgj '\u{034F}': `͏
Semantically separates characters. Can be used to prevent pairs of characters being treated as digraphs, or to block canonical reordering of combining marks during normalization. The word 'joiner' in the name is a misnomer.
`, // alm '\u{061C}': `
Helps produce the correct ordering for sequences with no strong directional characters by overriding the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm default rules. Used particularly for text in the Arabic language, and languages using Syriac and Thaana scripts. Not usually needed for Hebrew, N'Ko, or Persian.
`, // FORMATTING CHARACTERS // zwsp '\u{200B}': `
An invisible character, used to signal line-break and word-break opportunities. It was originally provided for use with writing systems such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, Japanese, etc. that don't use spaces between words.
Justification may visibly adjust the space between the characters on either side of this character, doing so as if the ZWSP wasn't there, eg. the Thai text อักษรไทย may look like อั ก ษ ร ไ ท ย when justified, or when letter-spacing is applied, even though the two words are separated by a ZWSP (click on the word to see the composition).
`, // zwnj '\u{200C}': `
Prevents glyph joining behaviour.
`, // zwj '\u{200D}': `
Creates glyph joining behaviour in the absence of normal joining contexts.
`, // rlm '\u{200F}': `
An invisible character with a strong RTL directional property. Can be used to correct local issues with the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.
`, // lrm '\u{200E}': `
An invisible character with a strong LTR directional property. Can be used to correct local issues with the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.
`, // ‘ '\u{2018}': `‘
`, // ’ '\u{2019}': `’
`, // “ '\u{201C}': `“
`, // ” '\u{201D}': `”
`, '\u{2020}': `†
Called dagger, but also known as obelisk, obelus, or long cross.b321
A reference mark, used primarily with footnotes. When used for this purpose with other signs, the traditional order is * † ‡ § ‖ ¶.b68
Also a death sign in European typography, used to mark the year of death or the names of dead persons.b321
In lexicography it marks obsolete forms, and in editing of classical texts flags passages judged to be corrupt.b321
`, '\u{2021}': `‡
Called dagger, but also known as diesis, or double obelisk.b321
A reference mark used with footnotes. When used for this purpose with other signs, the traditional order is * † ‡ § ‖ ¶.b68
`, // … '\u{2026}': `…
`, // rle '\u{202B}': `
Sets the base direction for the following text to RTL, with no isolation. The Unicode Standard recommends use of RLI, instead.
`, // lre '\u{202A}': `
Sets the base direction for the following text to LTR, with no isolation. The Unicode Standard recommends use of LRI, instead.
`, // pdf '\u{202C}': `
Ends the range of text that started with RLE, or LRE.
`, '\u{2032}': `′
Abbreviation for feet (1′ = 12″).b330
Also used for minutes of arc (eg. 60′=1°).b330
`, '\u{2033}': `″
Abbreviation for inches (1′ = 12″).b321
Also used for seconds of arc (eg. 360″=1°).b321
`, // word-break '\u{2060}': `WB
An invisible character, equivalent to a zero-width no-break space, and used to prevent line-breaks, eg. it can be used around the + sign in base+delta to prevent a line break occuring in that sequence of characters. It has no effect on word segmentation.
It can also be used to bracket other characters to turn them into non-breaking characters, such as U+2009 THIN SPACE or ― [U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR].
Not to be confused with U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER or U+034F COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER, since it has no effect on shaping.
This functionality is also provided by U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE, but since that character also represents the byte-order mark, the use of this word joiner character (added in Unicode 3.2) is strongly preferred over the latter.
`, // rli '\u{2067}': `
Sets the base direction for the following text to RTL, and isolates it (ie. stops the bidirectional algorithm causing interactions across the boundaries of the embedded text).
`, // lri '\u{2066}': `
Sets the base direction for the following text to LTR, and isolates it (ie. stops the bidirectional algorithm causing interactions across the boundaries of the embedded text).
`, //fsi '\u{2068}': `
Sets the base direction for the following text to the direction of the first strong directional character, per Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm rules, and isolates it (ie. stops the bidirectional algorithm causing interactions across the boundaries of the embedded text).
`, // pdi '\u{2069}': `
Ends the range of text that started with RLI, LRI, or FSI.
`, } //