/* */ var charDetails = { '\u{1780}': `

ក

k with inherent vowel ɑː or followed by a vowel, eg. ក៏

k before a subscript consonant, eg. បក្សី

kʰ when followed by a subscript ម [U+1798 KHMER LETTER MO], ន [U+1793 KHMER LETTER NO] or ល [U+179B KHMER LETTER LO], eg. ក្មេង

k in final position, eg. លើក

ʔ in final position after one of these vowels a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, eə̆, uə̆, iə, ɨə, uə, eg. កក

The ɔ-series equivalent is គ [U+1782 KHMER LETTER KO].

`, '\u{1781}': `

ខ

kʰ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ខាង

k before a subscript consonant.

ខ្ពុរ

k in final position, eg. មុខ

ʔ in final position after one of these vowels a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, eə̆, uə̆, iə, ɨə, uə, eg. ពិសាខ

The ɔ-series equivalent is ឃ [U+1783 KHMER LETTER KHO].

`, '\u{1782}': `

គ

k with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. គេ

k before a subscript consonant.

k in final position, eg. រោគ

kʰ when followed by a subscript ន or ម, eg. គ្នា

ʔ in final position after one of these vowels a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, eə̆, uə̆, iə, ɨə, uə, eg. នាគ

The ɑ-series equivalent is ក [U+1780 KHMER LETTER KA].

`, '\u{1783}': `

ឃ

kʰ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ឃត់

k before a subscript consonant, eg. ឃ្លាន

k (not common) in final position, eg. មេឃ

ʔ in final position after one of these vowels a, aː, ɑ, ɑː, eə̆, uə̆, iə, ɨə, uə, eg. មាឃ

* Subscript consonant seldom used.

The ɑ-series equivalent is ខ [U+1781 KHMER LETTER KHA].

`, '\u{1784}': `

ង

ŋ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ងងឹត

(Note that this sound appears in syllable initial position in Khmer.)

Not used before a subscript consonant.

ŋ in final position, eg. ដឹង

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations

The combination 1784 17C9 produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg.

ង៉ាវ

`, '\u{1785}': `

ច

c with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ចង់

c before a subscript consonant.

ច្រៀង

c in final position. [c] according to Huffman, eg. តូច

The ɔ-series equivalent is ជ [U+1787 KHMER LETTER CO].

`, '\u{1786}': `

ឆ

cʰ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel.

ឆា

cʰ or c before a subscript consonant.

ឆ្អឹង

ឆ្នាំ

Not found in final position.

* Subscript consonant seldom used.

The ɔ-series equivalent is ឈ [U+1788 KHMER LETTER CHO].

`, '\u{1787}': `

ជ

c with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ជា

c before a subscript consonant.

កញ្ជ្រេង

c in final position. [c] according to Huffman., eg. រាជ

The ɑ-series equivalent is ច [U+1785 KHMER LETTER CA].

`, '\u{1788}': `

ឈ

cʰ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel.

ឈឺ

c(ʰ) before a subscript consonant.

ឈ្លើង

Not found in final position.

* Subscript consonant seldom used.

The ɑ-series equivalent is ច [U+1785 KHMER LETTER CA].

`, '\u{1789}': `

ញ

ɲ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ញី

ɲ in final position, eg. ទាញ

ŋ in final position after iː, eg. រីញ

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Shape

The bottom of this character is dropped when followed by a subscript consonant, eg. បញ្ឆោត

There are two shapes used for the subscript. When this character appears twice in a cluster, the full form is used. Elsewhere a reduced form is used. For example, compare ប្រាជ្ញា កញ្ញា

Combinations

The combination ញ៉ [U+1789 KHMER LETTER NYO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. ញ៉ាំ

`, '\u{178A}': `

ដ

ɗ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ដុល្លារ

ɗ before a subscript consonant.

t in final position, eg. ប្រាកដ

The subscript consonant is the same shape as the subscript of tɑː ត.

Combinations. The syllable-final combination ដ្ឋ [U+178A KHMER LETTER DA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+178B KHMER LETTER TTHA] is also pronounced simply ast.

The ɔ-series equivalent is ឌ [U+178C KHMER LETTER DO].

`, '\u{178B}': `

ឋ

tʰ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ឋាន

t before a subscript consonant.

t in final position, eg. បាឋ

This consonant is only used in a few words of Pali or Sanskrit origin.

* Subscript is seldom used: often a silent final subscript.

The ɔ-series equivalent is ឍ [U+178D KHMER LETTER TTHO].

`, '\u{178C}': `

ឌ

ɗ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ឌុន

Not found before a subscript consonant.

t in final position, eg. គ្រុឌ

This consonant is rare and is only used in a few words of Pali or Sanskrit origin.

* Subscript is seldom used

The ɑ-series equivalent is ដ [U+178A KHMER LETTER DA].

`, '\u{178D}': `

ឍ

tʰ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ឍាល

Not found before a subscript consonant.

t in final position, eg. អាសាឍ

This consonant is only used in a few words of Pali or Sanskrit origin.

* Subscript consonant is obsolete, or rarely, if ever, used.

The ɑ-series equivalent is ឋ [U+178B KHMER LETTER TTHA].

`, '\u{178E}': `

ណ

n with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ណាស់

n before a subscript consonant.

អណ្ដែត

n in final position, eg. បូរាណ

* Subscript consonant is seldom used: often a silent final subscript.

The ɔ-series equivalent is ន [U+1793 KHMER LETTER NO].

`, '\u{178F}': `

ត

t with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. តា

ɗ at the beginning of two syllable words where the first syllable ends with final nasal, eg. តង្វាយ

t before a subscript consonant, eg. ត្រី

t in final position, eg. កាត់

Subscript consonant is the same shape as the subscript of ɗɑː ដ.

The pronunciation when a subscript in medial position is unpredictable, sometimes t and sometimes ɗ. As a general rule, but not always, it is pronounced t when a subscript to nɔː ន, and ɗ when a subscript to nɑː ណ, eg. បន្តុះ បណ្តុះ

The ɔ-series equivalent is ទ [U+1791 KHMER LETTER TO].

`, '\u{1790}': `

ថ

tʰ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ថា

t(ʰ) before a subscript consonant.

ថ្លើម

t in final position, eg. ប្រមាថ

The ɔ-series equivalent is ធ [U+1792 KHMER LETTER THO].

`, '\u{1791}': `

ទ

t with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ទម្ងន់

t before a subscript consonant.

t in final position, eg. បាទ

The ɑ-series equivalent is ត [U+178F KHMER LETTER TA].

`, '\u{1792}': `

ធ

tʰ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel.

ភំ

t before a subscript consonant.

ធ្មេញ

t in final position.

អាវុធ

* Subscript consonant is seldom used: often a silent final subscript.

The ɑ-series equivalent is ថ [U+1790 KHMER LETTER THA].

`, '\u{1793}': `

ន

n with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. នឹង

Not found before a subscript consonant.

n in final position, eg. មាន

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations

In some words, the combination ហ្ន [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+1793 KHMER LETTER NO] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. ហ្នឹង

The ɑ-series equivalent is ណ [U+178E KHMER LETTER NNO].

`, '\u{1794}': `

ប

ɓ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. បន្ទប់

p when followed by a subscript consonant.

ប្រយ័ត្ន

p in final position, eg. ឈប់

p in some words just by convention, eg. បច្ច័យ

Shape. A ligature បា is used when this character is followed by sra-aː, to avoid similarity with hɑː ហ, eg. បាយ

The same applies when followed by sra-ao បោ and sra-aw បៅ.

Combinations. The combination ប៊ [U+1794 KHMER LETTER BA + U+17CA KHMER SIGN TRIISAP] produces the ɔ-series equivalent, eg. ប៊ុត

p in the combination ប៉ [U+1794 KHMER LETTER BA + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN], eg. ប៉ា

`, '\u{1795}': `

ផ

pʰ with inherent vowel ɑː, eg. ផាយ

p before a subscript consonant, eg. ផ្សារ

p in final position. Not common.

* Subscript consonant is obsolete, or rarely, if ever, used.

The ɔ-series equivalent is ភ [U+1797 KHMER LETTER PHO].

`, '\u{1796}': `

ព

p with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. ពី

p before a subscript consonant.

ព្រៃ

p in final position, eg. ភាព

Combinations. The combination ព៉ [U+1796 KHMER LETTER PO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. ព៉ី

`, '\u{1797}': `

ភ

pʰ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel.

ភាសា

p before a subscript consonant.

ភ្នែក

p in final position.

លោភ

The ɑ-series equivalent is ផ [U+1795 KHMER LETTER PHA].

`, '\u{1798}': `

ម

m with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel.

មុខ

m before a subscript consonant.

សម្លាប់

m in final position.

តាម

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations

The combination ម៉ [U+1798 KHMER LETTER MO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the a-series equivalent.

ម៉ែ

It may also be produced by the combination ហ្ម [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+1798 KHMER LETTER MO].

ហ្មត់

`, '\u{1799}': `

យ

j with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. យល់

Not found before a subscript consonant.

iː in final position. Huffman says j, eg. បាយ

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations. The combination យ៉ [U+1799 KHMER LETTER YO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. យ៉ាង

`, '\u{179A}': `

រ

r with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. រូប

Not found before a subscript consonant.

Silent in final position, eg. ខ្មែរ

There is no final -r sound in Cambodian, but this letter can sometimes disambiguate homonyms, eg. compare កា ការ ពី ពីរ

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations. The combination រ៉ [U+179A KHMER LETTER RO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. រ៉ូង

`, '\u{179B}': `

ល

l with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel.

លុយ

l before a subscript consonant.

ពេលល្ងាច

l in final position.

កាល

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations. In some words, the combination ហ្ល [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+179B KHMER LETTER LO] produces the ɑ-series equivalent.

ហ្លួង

The ɑ-series equivalent letter is ឡ [U+17A1 KHMER LETTER LA].

`, '\u{179C}': `

វ

ʋ with inherent vowel ɔː or before a vowel, eg. វៃ

Not found before a subscript consonant.

w in final position, eg. អាវ

As a subscript this consonant doesn't determine the pronunciation of the vowel sound, it is determined by the class of the non-subscript consonant.

Combinations. The combination វ៉ [U+179C KHMER LETTER VO + U+17C9 KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN] produces the ɑ-series equivalent, eg. វ៉ៃ

In some words the same effect is produced using the combination ហ្វ [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+179C KHMER LETTER VO], eg. ហ្វូង

f is also produced by the combination ហ្វ [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+179C KHMER LETTER VO], eg. ហ្វឹក កាហ្វេ

`, '\u{179D}': `

Used only for Pali/Sanskrit transliteration.

`, '\u{179E}': `

Used only for Pali/Sanskrit transliteration.

`, '\u{179F}': `

ស

s with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel.

សី

s before a subscript consonant.

ខ្សែស្ពាយ

h in final position

ចាស់

s in final position in very formal reading style

សូមទោស

Combinations. The combination ស៊ [U+179F KHMER LETTER SA + U+17CA KHMER SIGN TRIISAP] produces the ɔ-series equivalent, eg. ស៊ី

`, '\u{17A0}': `

ហ

h with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel.

ហាង

Silent before a subscript consonant. See Combinations below.

Not found in final position.

Combinations. f is produced by the combinations:

The following combinations with ɔː class subscripts make the following vowel behave as if they were ɑː class consonants:

ហ្វ [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+179C KHMER LETTER VO].

ហ្វូង

ហ្ម [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+1798 KHMER LETTER MO], .

ហ្មត់

ហ្ន [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+1793 KHMER LETTER NO].

ហ្នឹង

ហ្ល [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17D2 KHMER SIGN COENG + U+179B KHMER LETTER LO].

ហ្ល h͓ḻ lɑː

Combinations. The combination ហ៊ [U+17A0 KHMER LETTER HA + U+17CA KHMER SIGN TRIISAP] produces the ɔ-series equivalent, eg. ហ៊ាន

`, '\u{17A1}': `

ឡ

l with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel, eg. ឡេង

Not found before a subscript consonant or in final position.

** Subscript consonant not used in Cambodia (only in Khmer spoken in Thailand).

The ɔ-series equivalent is ល [U+179B KHMER LETTER LO].

`, '\u{17A2}': `

អ

ʔ with inherent vowel ɑː or before a vowel

អង្កាល់

អិស្លាម

ʔ or ∅ before a subscript consonant. From Wiktionary data, the latter seems predominant and occurs mostly in word-initial position before n.

អ្នក

Not found in final position.

When used as a subscript at the beginning of a word this may add an extra syllable after the initial consonant.

ផ្អែម

ស្អាត

Combinations. The combination អ៊ [U+17A2 KHMER LETTER QA + U+17CA KHMER SIGN TRIISAP] produces the ɔ-series equivalent. For example, compare the following (first without, then with).

អុំទូក

អ៊ុយក្រែន

`, '\u{17A3}': `

This should be considered an error in the encoding. Use of this character is strongly discouraged; អ [U+17A2 KHMER LETTER QA] should be used instead.

Originally intended only for Pali/Sanskrit transliteration, but not actually a separate character in Khmer.

`, '\u{17A4}': `

This should be considered an error in the encoding. Use of this character is discouraged; the sequence អា [U+17A2 KHMER LETTER QA + U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA​] should be used instead.

Originally intended only for Pali/Sanskrit transliteration, but not actually a separate character in Khmer.

`, '\u{17A5}': `

ឥ

ʔə eg. ឥត

ʔɨ eg. ឥន្ទុ

ʔəj eg. ឥឡូវ

`, '\u{17A6}': `

ឦ

ʔəj eg. ឦសាន

`, '\u{17A7}': `

ឧ

u, eg. ឧបម៉ា

o, eg. ឧកញ៉ា

ao, eg. ឧបាសក

`, '\u{17A8}': ` `, '\u{17A9}': `

ឩ

ou eg. ឩដ្ឋ

uː eg. ឩន

`, '\u{17AA}': `

ឪ

ʔəw eg. ឪពុក

`, '\u{17AB}': `

ឫ

rɨ eg. ឫស ឫទ្ធិ

`, '\u{17AC}': `

ឬ

rɨː eg. ឬស្សី ឬ

`, '\u{17AD}': `

ឭ

lɨ eg. រំឭក

`, '\u{17AE}': `

ឮ

lɨː eg. ស្ដាប់ឮ

`, '\u{17AF}': `

ឯ

ae eg. ឯ

`, '\u{17B0}': `

ឰ

aj, eg. ឰរាវ័ណ

`, '\u{17B1}': `

ឱ

ao, eg. ឱប

`, '\u{17B2}': `

ឲ

ao, eg. ឲ្យ

This is a variant of ឱ [U+17B1 KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE] that is only used, according to Unicode, in two words, one of which (the example shown just above) is very common however.

`, '\u{17B3}': `

ឳ

aw, eg. ឳទក

`, '\u{17B4}': `

An invisible character, originally intended (along with 17B5) to represent a phonetic difference not expressed by the spelling, so as to assist in phonetic sorting, however, the Unicode Standard considers those characters to be insufficient for that purpose and errors in the encoding. It should not be used.u,677

`, '\u{17B5}': `

An invisible character, originally intended (along with 17B4) to represent a phonetic difference not expressed by the spelling, so as to assist in phonetic sorting, however, the Unicode Standard considers those characters to be insufficient for that purpose and errors in the encoding. It should not be used.u,677

`, '\u{17B6}': `

ា

aː after an ɑː class consonant, eg. ណា

iə after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ជា

Combinations

ាំ [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT] is regarded as a letter of the Khmer alphabet. Sounds are:

ាំង [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT + U+1784 KHMER LETTER NGO] gives:

ា​់ [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA + consonant + U+17CB KHMER SIGN BANTOC], where the bantoc sits over a following consonant, gives:

`, '\u{17B7}': `

ិ

e after an ɑː class consonant, eg. ចិត្ដ

i after an ɔː class consonant, eg. វិញ

Glottal stop

It is followed by a glottal stop in stressed syllables but not in unstressed, eg. compare the following pairs: មតិ កិរិយា លទ្ធិ និទាន

Combinations.

eh / ih is ិះ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK]. This is noted especially because the combination is regarded as a unit in the Khmer alphabet. This combination has the same sound as េះ [U+17C1 KHMER VOWEL SIGN E + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK], but is much less common. ជិះ

əj can be –ិយ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I + U+1799 KHMER LETTER YO] after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ចេតិយ

`, '\u{17B8}': `

ី

əj after an ɑː class consonant, eg. បី

iː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ពីរ

Combinations.

iː in ិយ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I + U+1799 KHMER LETTER YO], eg. ឥន្ត្រិយ

`, '\u{17B9}': `

ឹ

ə after an ɑː class consonant, eg. ដឹក

ɨ after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ទឹក

Combinations.

əh is –ឹះ [U+17B9 KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK], eg. ឆ្កឹះ

`, '\u{17BA}': `

ឺ

əɨ after an ɑː class consonant, eg. ដឺ

ɨː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. គឺ

`, '\u{17BB}': `

ុ

o after an ɑː class consonant. It is followed by a glottal stop in open stressed syllables but not in unstressed, eg. compare វត្តុ កុមារ

u after an ɔː class consonant. It is followed by a glottal stop in stressed syllables but not in unstressed, eg. compare វិទ្យុ គុលិកា

Combinations

ុះ [U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is regarded as a letter of the Khmer alphabet, and is pronounced:

ុំ [U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT] is pronounced:

`, '\u{17BC}': `

ូ

ou after an ɑː class consonant, eg. កូរ

uː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. គូ

Combinations

ូវ [U+17BC KHMER VOWEL SIGN UU + U+179C KHMER LETTER VO] is
ɨw, eg. នូវ

`, '\u{17BD}': `

ៅ

uə after any class of consonant, eg. កួរ គួរ

`, '\u{17BE}': `

ើ

aə after an ɑː class consonant, eg. បើ

əː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ឈើ

Combinations

–ើះ [U+17BE KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is
əh, eg. ចង្កើះ

The normal spelling is ចង្កឹះ cŋ͓kɨh̽

`, '\u{17BF}': `

ៀ

ɨə after any class of consonant, eg. តឿ ជឿ

`, '\u{17C0}': `

ៀ

iə after any class of consonant, eg. តៀប ទៀប

`, '\u{17C1}': `

េ

ei after an ɑː class consonant, eg. កេរ្តិ៍

eː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. គេ

ɨ after an ɔː class consonant but before a palatal, eg. ពេញ

Combinations

េះ [U+17C1 KHMER VOWEL SIGN E + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is pronounced:

This combination has the same sound as ិះ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK], but is much more common.

`, '\u{17C2}': `

ែ

ae after an ɑː class consonant, eg. កែ

ɛː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. គែ

Combinations

ែះ [U+17C2 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is
eh after an ɔ-class consonant.

កែះ

`, '\u{17C3}': `

ៃ

aj after an ɑː class consonant, eg. ប្រៃ

ɨj after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ព្រៃ

`, '\u{17C4}': `

ោ

ao after an ɑː class consonant.

កោរ

oː after an ɔː class consonant, eg. គោ

Combinations

ោះ [U+17C4 KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is pronounced:

`, '\u{17C5}': `

ៅ

aw after an ɑː class consonant, eg. តៅ

ɨw after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ទៅ

`, '\u{17C6}': `

ំ

Marks final nasalisation, but also changes and shorten the inherent or other vowel. Although it can be equated with the anusvara in Sanskrit, this is usually regarded as a vowel sign or a part of a vowel sign in Khmer.

ɑm after an ɑː class consonant, eg. កំពុង

um after an ɔː class consonant, eg. រំភើប

Combinations.

ុំ [U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT] is pronounced:

ាំ [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT] is:

ាំង [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA + U+17C6 KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT + U+1784 KHMER LETTER NGO] is:

In some words of Sanskrit origin, the niʔkəhət represents aŋ or an, eg. សំស្ក្រិត សំយោគសញ្ញា

`, '\u{17C7}': `

ះ

Although it can be equated with the visarga in Sanskrit, this is regarded as a vowel sign or part of a vowel sign in Khmer.

ah with an ɑː class inherent vowel, eg. ខ្លះ

eə̆h with an ɔː class inherent vowel or an ɔː class ា [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA], eg. ផ្ទះ

Combinations

h after the normal sounds of short vowels ិ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I], ឹ [U+17B9 KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y], and ុ [U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U], eg. ជិះ កឹះ ពុះ

–េះ [U+17C1 KHMER VOWEL SIGN E + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is:

–ែះ [U+17C2 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is also
eh with an ɑː class vowel, eg. កែះ

–ើះ [U+17BE KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is:
əh with an ɑː class vowel, eg. ចង្កើះ

–ោះ [U+17C4 KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO + U+17C7 KHMER SIGN REAHMUK] is:

`, '\u{17C8}': `

ៈ

Used as a vowel after consonants that are to be used as stressed syllables at the end of a word, or preceding an internal juncture in compounds.

aʔ as an ɑː class vowel, eg. ស្រៈ

eə̆ʔ as an ɔː class vowel, eg. ធុរៈ

This character is a modern innovation. It is also used in the official Cambodian Dictionary to mark any consonant symbol which is pronounced independently.

`, '\u{17C9}': `

៉

Changes the register of a consonant from ɔː to ɑː, affecting the inherent vowel and any other vowel following the consonant, eg. ម៉ត់ចត់ រ៉ាប់

It is used for the following consonants that don't have equivalents in the ɑː class: ង ញ ម យ រ វ. It is usually written over the right-hand side of the consonant glyph. This is also especially useful for spelling foreign names. Eg. compare យ៉ាង យាង

Changes the sound of ɓɑː ប from ɓ to p, eg. ប៉ះ

This is the only way to write an ɑː register p. Eg. compare ប៉ាន បាន

When a vowel sign appears above the consonant, the ក្បៀសក្រោម kɓiəhkraom form of this character is used. This looks exactly like sra-o អុ, eg. ម៉ឺន ញ៉ាំ

You can prevent this behaviour using a zero-width non-joiner between this character and the following one, eg. ញ៉‌ាំ ɲ″‌ām̽

tmɨɲ kɑnɗao means "rat's teeth".

`, '\u{17CA}': `

៊

Changes the class of a consonant from ɔː to oː, affecting the inherent vowel and also any other vowel following the consonant, eg. compare ក្រុមហ៊ុន ហ៊ាន ហាន អ៊ូ អូ

This is especially useful for spelling foreign names.

When this appears with a vowel sign above the consonant, the ក្បៀសក្រោម kɓiəhkraom form is used. This looks exactly like sra-o អុ, eg. in ស៊ី

You can prevent this behaviour using a zero-width non-joiner between this character and the following one, eg. ស៊‌ី s′‌ī

`, '\u{17CB}': `

់

Always placed above the final consonant in modern Khmer. Basically shortens the preceding vowel. Affects the preceding vowel sound in one of the following ways:

`, '\u{17CC}': `

៌

Not a very common mark. It represents a final r on the previous consonant (like the Devanagari repha), although it may be pronounced as rə, eg. ទុគ៌ត

When it appears word-finally, it typically also silences the final consonant, eg. បរិបូណ៌

It can also convert the vowel sound of the previous consonant from ɔː to ɔə at the same time as silencing the consonant it appears over, eg. ពណ៌

Hosken says that it is only used on a consonant with an inherent vowel, or with one followed by ា [U+17B6 KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA] or ុ [U+17BB KHMER VOWEL SIGN U]mh,6.

`, '\u{17CD}': `

៍

Used over a consonant, particularly in loan words, to silence it and any attached vowels or subscripts, eg. សាសន៍ កេរ្តិ៍ រេហ៍ពល

It visually ligates with ិ [U+17B7 KHMER VOWEL SIGN I], eg. តែនតិ៍

`, '\u{17CE}': `

៎

Very rare, but used over a consonant to convey excited emphasis, like an exclamation mark, eg. ណែ៎ នុ៎ះន៎

`, '\u{17CF}': `

៏

Used over two consonants to indicate that they represent two specific words: ក៏ k⁎ kɑː auxiliary: also, then, therefore ដ៏ ɗ⁎ ɗɑː pronoun which; very `, '\u{17D0}': `

័

Generally regarded to be a vowel-changer, but actually acts much like a vowel-sign.

a over an ɑː class consonant, eg. ស័ក្តិ ស័ក

eə̆ before velar finals, eg. ល័ខ វ័ង

oə̯ over an ɔː class consonant, in general, eg. ទ័ព

(Note that all of the above are the same as if a sra-aː plus niʔkəhət had been used.)

Combinations

័យ [U+17D0 KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA + U+1799 KHMER LETTER YO] is:

aj after an ɑː class consonant, eg. សម័យ ស្រៈនិស្ស័យ

ɨj after an ɔː class consonant, eg. ជ័យ

Gilbert & Hang say that the sound is e usually, when over ʋɔː វ or nɔː ន.

–័រ [U+17D0 KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA + U+179A KHMER LETTER RO] is:
ɔə (these are always ɔː class consonants), eg. ជ័រ

`, '\u{17D1}': `

៑

The sanskrit virama, sometimes used in Sanskrit words to indicate that a final consonant has no vowel sound, eg. អាត្មន៑

Sometimes this appears as a bar over the consonant, sometimes as a wide, inverted v-shape under the consonant.

The Cambodian way of spelling such words uses the sanjoːksaɲɲaː អ័.

`, '\u{17D2}': `

្

Serves to indicate in Unicode text that the following consonant should be rendered as a subscript. The shape is arbitrary, since it is never visible in Khmer (unlike Devanagari etc.).

cəːŋ (transcribed in Unicode as COENG) is actually the name given to the subscripted consonants themselves, and this should more accurately be called a cəːŋ generator.

This virama-based model used by Unicode is consistent with the approach to other Indic scripts, however Cambodian people regard the subscripted consonants as different entities to the normal consonant characters, and need to be taught to use a cəːŋ sign to type in Unicode.

`, '\u{17D3}': `

៓

Use discouraged in favor of the complete set of lunar date symbols.

`, '\u{17D4}': `

។

Equivalent of a period, placed at the end of a sentence.

Also used in the following combination to mean etcetera ។ល។ .ḻ. lanəŋla

`, '\u{17D5}': `

៕

Used at the end of a chapter or an entire text.

`, '\u{17D6}': `

៖

Used much like a colon in English.

It is typically used after the quotative particle ថា and the copulative គ

`, '\u{17D7}': `

ៗ

Repetition sign. Repeats the word directly before. A common way of providing emphasis, eg. ខ្លាំង ៗ គាត់មានផ្ទះថ្មី ៗ

Sometimes repeats a phrase rather than a word, eg. បន្តិចម្ដង ៗ

It is also occasionally used to repeat the word at the end of a sentence for the beginning of a new sentence (Huffman), eg. ខ្ញុំទៅផ្ទះខ្ញុំ ៗ នៅជិតផ្សារ kɲomtɨwpteə̆hkɲom pteə̆hkɲom nɨwcɨtpsaː

The sign is usually separated from the text by a space.

`, '\u{17D8}': `

៘

Means et cetera. Use of this character is discouraged. The preferred representation uses the individual characters, eg. ។ល។ .ḻ.

Other spellings for et cetera also exist. These include:

Pronounced lɑʔ.

`, '\u{17D9}': `

៙

Marks the beginning of literary and religious texts.

Forms a pair with ៚, which ends a text.

Means cock's eye. It is said to represent the trunk of the elephant-god Ganesha.

`, '\u{17DA}': `

៚

Marks the absolute end of a text. Usually used for poetic or religious texts.

Forms a pair with ៙, which starts a text.

Sometimes used in combination as ។៚.

Means cow's urine.

`, '\u{17DB}': `

៛

Placed after the amount, eg. ៣០០០ ៛

`, '\u{17DC}': ` `, '\u{17DD}': `

៝

A rarely used sign that indicates that the consonant retains its inherent vowel sound.

`, '\u{17E0}': `

៝

0 digit.

`, '\u{17E1}': `

១

1 digit.

`, '\u{17E2}': `

២

2 digit.

`, '\u{17E3}': `

៣

3 digit.

`, '\u{17E4}': `

៤

4 digit.

`, '\u{17E5}': `

៥

5 digit.

`, '\u{17E6}': `

៦

6 digit.

`, '\u{17E7}': `

៧

7 digit.

`, '\u{17E8}': `

៨

8 digit.

`, '\u{17E9}': `

៩

9 digit.

`, '\u{17F0}': ` `, '\u{17F1}': ` `, '\u{17F2}': ` `, '\u{17F3}': ` `, '\u{17F4}': ` `, '\u{17F5}': ` `, '\u{17F6}': ` `, '\u{17F7}': ` `, '\u{17F8}': ` `, '\u{17F9}': ` `, }