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Updated 15 December, 2024 • recent changes scripts/cyrl/mn • leave a comment
This page brings together basic information about the Cyrillic script and its use for the Mongolian language. It aims to provide a brief, descriptive summary of the modern, printed orthography and typographic features, and to advise how to write Mongolian using Unicode.
Richard Ishida, Mongolian (Cyrillic) Orthography Notes, 15-Dec-2024, https://r12a.github.io/scripts/cyrl/mn
Click to toggle Table of Contents.
Phonological transcriptions should be treated as a guide, only. They are taken from the sources consulted, and may be narrow or broad, phonemic or phonetic, depending on what is available. They mostly represent pronunciation of words in isolation. For more detailed information about allophones, alternations, sandhi, dialectal differences, and so on, follow the links to cited references.
This is an interactive document. Click/tap on the following to reveal detailed information and examples for each character: (a) coloured characters in examples and lists; (b) link text on character names. If your browser supports it, your cursor will change to look like 
as you hover over these items.
Languages using the Cyrillic script • Mongolian picker • Terms list • Character notes • Cyrillic links • Other orthography notes
Хүн бүр төрж мэндлэхэд эрх чөлөөтэй, адилхан нэр төртэй, ижил эрхтэй байдаг. Оюун ухаан, нандин чанар заяасан хүн гэгч өөр хоорондоо ахан дүүгийн үзэл санаагаар харьцах учиртай.
Хүн бүр энэ Тунхаглалд заасан бүхий л эрх, эрх чөлөөг ямар ч ялгаваргүйгээр, яс үндэс, арьс өнгө, хүйс, хэл, шашин шүтлэг, улс төрийн болон бусад үзэл бодол, үндэсний буюу нийгмийн гарал, эд хөрөнгийн байдал, язгуур угсаа, бусад ялгааг эс харгалзан адилхан эдлэх ёстой. Мөн түүнчлэн тухайн хүний харъяалдаг улс орон буюу нутаг дэвсгэрийн улс төр, эрх зүйн буюу олон улсын статус ямар ч байлаа гэсэн, тэрхүү нутаг дэвсгэр нь тусгаар тогтносон, бусдын асрамжид байгаа, өөртөө захиргаагүй буюу бүрэн эрхт байдал нь өөр ямар ч байдлаар хязгаарлагдмал байсан, хүнийг ялгаварлаж үл болно.
Source: Unicode UDHR, articles 1 & 2
Origins of the Latin script, 7thC – today.
Phoenician
└ Greek
└ Old Italic
└ Cyrillic
+ Glagolitic
+ Latin
+ Armenian
+ Georgian
+ Coptic
+ Runes
The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet is used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia. Ethnologue lists 2,640,000 native speakers of Halh Mongolian, but Wikipedia list 5.2 million speakers across all dialects, including the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Cyrillic has not been adopted as the writing system in the Inner Mongolia region of China, which continues to use the traditional Mongolian script. In Mongolia, the Halh (or Khalkha) dialect is predominant.
Монгол Кирилл үсэг mongol kirill üseg Mongolian cyrillic alphabet Кирилл цагаан толгой kirill tsagaan tolgoi Mongolian cyrillic alphabet
In the Mongolian People's Republic (Outer Mongolia), the traditional script was replaced by a Cyrillic orthography since the early 1940s, as a result of the spreading of Russian influence following the expansion of Russian Empire and the subsequent Soviet Union. Its introduction is credited with an increase in the literacy rate from 17.3% to 73.5% between 1941 and 1950.8
Source: Wikipedia.
| Script code | cyrl |
|---|---|
| Language code | khk |
| Script type | alphabet |
| Origin | easia |
| Native speakers | 2,640,000 |
| Total characters | 75 |
| Letters | 67 |
| Combining marks | 2 |
| Symbols | 1 |
| Punctuation | 5 |
| Possible other | 19 |
| Unicode blocks | 6 |
| Character counts above are for this orthography but exclude ASCII. | |
| Text direction | ltr |
| Post-consonant vowels | letters |
| Standalone vowels | letters |
| Case distinction | yes |
| Cursive script | no |
| Combining marks | no |
| Clusters marked | no |
| Other ligatures | no |
| Word separator | space |
| Wraps at | word |
| Hyphenation | yes - |
| G Clusters OK? | yes |
| Justification | spaces |
| Baseline | romn |
Cyrillic is an alphabet. Letters typically represent a consonant or vowel sound. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features for the Mongolian language.
Cyrillic Mongolian text runs left-to-right in horizontal lines. Words are separated by spaces.
The script is bicameral. The shapes of the upper and lowercase forms are typically the same. There can be a significant difference, however, between regular and cursive/italic shapes for the same character.
Normal text contains no combining marks (and decomposed text contains only 2). The visual forms of letters don't usually interact.
Mongolian has 21 basic consonant letters, including 3 for writing sounds from foreign loan words, and one of which is not used in uppercase. The letter inventory also includes a hard sign and a soft sign.
The orthography is an alphabet that writes vowels using 16 vowel letters (30 in total, because 2 are only used in lowercase), including 4 ioticised vowels which may also indicate palatalisation of the previous consonant. Long vowels are indicated by doubling the vowel letters. A number of diphthongs are written using the semi-vowel letter йU+0439 SMALL LETTER SHORT I.
Vowel reduction is a significant feature of Mongolian. Non-initial short vowels are reduced to vestiges or to zero, and non-initial long vowels in the orthography are reduced to short vowel length.
Vowel harmony is another key feature, grouping vowels in a way that indicates a front or back position for the tongue root (ATR).
There are no special mechanisms to represent standalone vowels. Combining marks are normally not used, and only occur in decomposed text.
Text is generally wrapped at word boundaries, and justification predominantly stretches the spaces between words.
Numbers use ASCII digits.
The index points to locations where a character is mentioned in this page, and indicates whether it is used by the Cyrillic orthography described here.
Click on the image to the left to view all the 'main' and 'infrequent' characters in the index in various groupings or open related apps.
These are the sounds of Halh (or Khalkha) Mongolian.
Click on the sounds to reveal locations in this document where they are mentioned.
Phones in a lighter colour are non-native or allophones. Source Wikipedia.
A significant feature of Mongolian phonology is that vowel sounds are divided into front (+ATR), back (-ATR), and neutral groups (see Vowel harmony). The front and back distinction has to do with the position of the tongue root (ATR means Advanced Tongue Root). The phonology is more complicated, and sounds are somewhat more fluid than described here. See the sources for more detailed information.
| labial | alveolar | post- alveolar |
palatal | velar | uvular | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | k ɡ | ɢ | |||
| affricate | t͡s d͡z | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | |||||
| fricative | f | s ɮ |
ʃ | x | |||
| nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| approximant | w | j | |||||
| trill/flap | r | ||||||
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Some phonological transcriptions use t and tʰ where others use d and t for the same sounds, respectively. Similar contrasts are applied to the bilabial and affricate pairs in the repertoire (but not to the k/g pairing). Here we use the latter, partly because it is probably better indicative to the non-expert of the approximate sounds involved, and also because that corresponds with the Cyrillic letters used.
Other sources also indicate palatised versions of most consonants (eg. tʲ and mʲ) in a table such as this, but they are not shown here. Palatalisation appears to be restricted to words containing -ATR (back) vowels8.
Mongolian is not a tonal language.
The basic unit of text is a word, however words can contain prefixes and suffixes.
Syllables tend to follow the pattern:
(C)V(V)(C)(C)(C)
Long vowels only occur in initial syllables. Mongolian has a strong tendency to reduce non-initial short vowels, either to epenthetic remnants or to zero. Non-initial vowels written as long are pronounced with normal length. See Vowel stress & reduction.
The orthography is an alphabet that writes vowels using 16 vowel letters (30 in total, because 2 are only used in lowercase), including 4 ioticised vowels which may also indicate palatalisation of the previous consonant. Long vowels are indicated by doubling the vowel letters. A number of diphthongs are written using the semi-vowel letter йU+0439 SMALL LETTER SHORT I.
Vowel reduction is a significant feature of Mongolian. Non-initial short vowels are reduced to vestiges or to zero, and non-initial long vowels in the orthography are reduced to short vowel length.
Vowel harmony is another key feature, grouping vowels in a way that indicates a front or back position for the tongue root (ATR).
There are no special mechanisms to represent standalone vowels. Combining marks are normally not used, and only occur in decomposed text.
The following table summarises the main vowel to character assigments.
These are nominal pronunciations that don't take into account vowel harmony or vowel reduction. The vowels with IPA beginning j.. have transcriptions for standalone contexts; after a consonant the j generally transmutes to ʲ in the sense that it palatalises the consonant.
| Neutral: |  5 iиii0438 iːийii 0438 0439 i̯йiĭ0439 ʲьiʲ044C iыyɪ044B |
4 iИ iI0418 iːИЙ ii 0418 0419 i̯Й iĬ0419 ʲЫunusedyꞮ042B |
|---|---|---|
| ATR+: | 9 eэee044D eːээeeee044D 044D ɵ oөöɵ04E9 ɵːөөööɵɵ04E9 04E9 uүüu04AF uːүүüü 04AF 04AF jɵеyejᵉ0435 juюyujᵘ044E juːюүyüüjᵘu044E 04AF |
9 eЭeE042D eːЭЭeeEE042D 042D ɵ oӨöƟ04E8 ɵːӨӨööƟƟ04E8 04E8 uҮüU04AE uːҮҮüü 04AE 04AE jɵЕyeJᵉ0415 juЮyuJᵘ042E juːЮҮyüüJᵘU042E 04AE |
| ATR-: | 12 aаaa0430 aːааaaaa0430 0430 ɔоoɔ043E ɔːооooɔɔ043E 043E ʊуuʊ0443 ʊːууuu 0443 0443 jaяyajᵃ044F jaːяаyaajᵃa044F 0430 ёёyojᵒ0451 ёoёоyoojᵒɔ0451 043E jʊюyujᵘ044E jʊːюуyuujᵘʊ044E 0443 |
12 aАaA0410 aːААaaAA0410 0410 ɔОoƆ041E ɔːООooƆƆ041E 041E ʊУuƱ0423 ʊːУУuu 0423 0423 jaЯyaJᵃ042F jaːЯАyaaJᵃA042F 0410 ёЁyoJᵒ0401 ёoЁОyooJᵒƆ0401 041E jʊЮyuJᵘ042E jʊːЮУyuuJᵘƱ042E 0423 |
| Digraphs: | 4 i̯aиаia 0438 0430 ʊi̯уйui 0443 0439 u̯aуаua 0443 0430 ui̯үйui 04AF 0439 |
4 i̯aИАia 0418 0410 ʊi̯УЙui 0423 0419 u̯aУАua 0423 0410 ui̯ҮЙui 04AE 0419 |
both ei̯эйei 044D 0439 ɔi̯ойoi 043E 0439 |
both ei̯ЭЙei 042D 0419 ɔi̯ОЙoi 041E 0419 |
|
ɛːайai 0430 0439 |
ɛːАЙ 0410 0419 |
For additional details see Vowel sounds to characters.
Halh Mongolian uses twelve plain vowel and one semi-vowel letters.
йU+0439 SMALL LETTER SHORT I is used for diphthongs.
A number of additional letters represent vowel sounds that begin with a y-glide:
When these letters are used after a consonant, they indicate that the consonant is palatalised. When they occur as standalone vowels (at the beginning of a word or after another vowel), they are usually transcribed phonetically as j…. Note that юU+044E SMALL LETTER YU can represent either a +ATR or a -ATR vowel.
Reduction plays an important part in the realisation of these vowel sounds. See Vowel stress & reduction.
Note that the final digraph is pronounced ɛː, rather than as a diphthong.
Length is phonemically distinctive. Long vowels are most commonly indicated by a doubling of the vowel letter, eg. compare цас t͡sʰas snow цаас t͡saːs paper
These are the long plain vowels. Note the slight difference for iː.
When the long vowel begins with a glide, a combination of letters is used to lengthen the sound.
Vowel harmony is an important aspect of the Mongolian language. Vowels are classed under one of the following 3 types:
ATR stands for Advanced Tongue Root.
A native word that begins with a -ATR vowel continues with only -ATR and/or neutral vowels. A word beginning with +ATR vowels continues with only +ATR and/or neutral vowels. Foreign loan words don't follow this pattern, and compound words (especially place names) may be made up of two words of different type, eg. Cүхбаатар sʊxbaːtr Sükhbaatar
The +ATR vowel letters are:
The -ATR vowel letters are:
The following vowel letter is neutral, and can appear in words with either +ATR or -ATR vowels.
Grammatical suffixes usually also have +ATR and -ATR versions.
For non-stressed, non-initial syllables, some sources group consonants into those which need to be preceded or followed by a vowel:
And those which don't:
However, Mongolian pronunciation can still appear to be very different from the written text because unstressed vowels are typically reduced or omitted when a word is pronounced, eg.
хадгалагдах adɡᵊɮᵊɡdᵊx to be saved
Word stress always falls on the first syllable of a Mongolian word, unless there are long vowels or diphthongs later in the word, in which case those take the stress.
The first vowel in a word is never reduced, even if unstressed, eg.
цагдаа t͡saɡˈtaː police
харандаа arəntaarᵊnˈda/χaɾɐnˈda/kharandaa pencil
If there is more than one long vowel, the first long vowel is long, and the second is short, but not otherwise reduced, eg.
хаашаа ˈxaːʃa where to
Different rules apply to foreign loan words, eg.
автобyс avˈtɔbʊs bus
машин maˈʃiŋ car
Observation: Sometimes vowels appear to move to places they are not in the orthography, eg. ойлгосон ɔilɔksᵊn I understood
Observation: Also, ioticised vowels may lose the second part of their sound, resulting in a remnant that sounds like j, eg. баярлалаа bajrɮɮa thank you баяртай bajrtɛː goodbye
This section maps Halh Mongolian vowel sounds to common graphemes in the Cyrillic orthography.
lc neutral иU+0438 SMALL LETTER I
uc neutral ИU+0418 CAPITAL LETTER I
lc ыU+044B SMALL LETTER YERU Only used in suffixes for masculine words (a, o, y). No uppercase. Not word-initial.
lc +ATR эU+044D SMALL LETTER E When it becomes an epenthetic ⁱ in reduced syllables.
lc -ATR уU+0443 SMALL LETTER U
uc -ATR УU+0423 CAPITAL LETTER U
lc +ATR үU+04AF SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U
uc +ATR ҮU+04AE CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U
lc йU+0439 SMALL LETTER SHORT I Used for diphthongs.
lc +ATR эU+044D SMALL LETTER E
uc +ATR ЭU+042D CAPITAL LETTER E
lc +ATR өU+04E9 SMALL LETTER BARRED O
uc +ATR ӨU+04E8 CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O
lc -ATR оU+043E SMALL LETTER O
lc -ATR ОU+041E CAPITAL LETTER O
lc -ATR аU+0430 SMALL LETTER A
uc -ATR АU+0410 CAPITAL LETTER A
Mongolian has 21 basic consonant letters, including 3 for writing sounds from foreign loan words, and one of which is not used in uppercase. The letter inventory also includes a hard sign and a soft sign.
The following table summarises the main consonant to character assigments.
The left column is lowercase, and the right uppercase.
| Onsets | 6 pпloanpp043F bб bb0431 tт tt0442 dд dd0434 kкloankk043A ɡ ɢг gg0433 |
6 pПloanPP041F bБ BB0411 tТ TT0422 dД DD0414 kКloanKK041A ɡ ɢГ GG0413 |
|---|---|---|
4 t͡sцtsʦ0446 d͡zзzʣ0437 t͡ʃчchʧ0447 d͡ʒжjʤ0436 |
4 t͡sЦTSʦ̿0426 d͡zЗZʣ̿0417 t͡ʃЧCHʧ̿0427 d͡ʒЖJʤ̿0416 |
|
6 f~pʰфloanff0444 sс ss0441 ʃш shʃ0448 ʃщloanshš0449 xх khx0445 xкloankk043A |
6 f~pʰФloanFF0424 sС SS0421 ʃШ SHƩ0428 ʃЩloanSHŠ0429 xХ KHX0425 xКloanKK041A |
|
both mмmm043C nнnn043D |
both mМMM041C nНNN041D |
|
3 w̜вvv0432 ɮлlɮ043B rрrr0440 |
3 w̜ВVV0412 ɮЛLɮ041B rРRR0420 |
|
| Finals | 4 -tдdd0434 -kгgg0433 -ŋнnn043D -fвvv0432 |
4 -tДDD0414 -kГGG0413 -ŋНNN041D -fВVV0412 |
For additional details see Consonant sounds to characters.
The Mongolian language has a basic set of 16 consonants.
гU+0433 SMALL LETTER GHE represents either ɡ or ɢ. In words with +ATR (front/feminine) vowels (үэө) it is always ɡ. In words with −ATR (-ATR/masculine) vowels (уоа) it is ɢ unless it occurs in syllable-final position, when it normally reverts to ɡ (but see syllable_final).7
пU+043F SMALL LETTER PE, фU+0444 SMALL LETTER EF and кU+043A SMALL LETTER KA are usually only used for foreign loan words, and the latter two may be pronounced pʰ and x, respectively.7
щU+0449 SMALL LETTER SHCHA is only used for Russian words.7
Typically, Cyrillic Mongolian text will use no combining marks at all. However, when the text is decomposed, the letters йU+0439 SMALL LETTER SHORT I and ёU+0451 SMALL LETTER IO become и + ̆U+0438 SMALL LETTER I + U+0306 COMBINING BREVE and е + ̈U+0435 SMALL LETTER IE + U+0308 COMBINING DIAERESIS.
ьU+044C SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN does one of two things:4
This may result in a short ĭ sound, eg. арьс skin амьтан ȧmĭtan animal
ъU+044A SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN is only used to separate яU+044F SMALL LETTER YA and ёU+0451 SMALL LETTER IO from a -ATR verb stem ending with a consonant,4 eg. явъя let's go уулзъя let's meet бодъё let's think
A number of consonants change their sound in final position. These include:
| letter | normal | final | example |
|---|---|---|---|
| гU+0433 SMALL LETTER GHE (in female words) | ɢ | ɡ~k | өндөг ɵndᵊk egg |
| нU+043D SMALL LETTER EN | n | ŋ | будан budaŋ fog |
| дU+0434 SMALL LETTER DE | d | t | гадаад ɢadaːt foreign |
| вU+0432 SMALL LETTER VE | v | w | арав arᵊw̜ ten |
In a number of words, the syllable-final sound change is prevented by following the consonant with a mute, syllable-final vowel letter7, eg. халбага aɮbaɡᵊ spoon энэ en this
Because the script is alphabetic, there are no special mechanisms for representing clusters of consonants without intervening vowels, or doubled consonants.
This section maps Halh Mongolian consonant sounds to common graphemes in the Cyrillic orthography.
Sounds listed as 'infrequent' are allophones, or sounds used for foreign words, etc. Light coloured characters occur infrequently.
lc пU+043F SMALL LETTER PE Used mostly for foreign loan words.
uc ПU+041F CAPITAL LETTER PE Used mostly for foreign loan words.
uc —дU+0434 SMALL LETTER DE when word final.
lc кU+043A SMALL LETTER KA Used for transliteration.
uc КU+041A CAPITAL LETTER KA Used for transliteration.
coda —гU+0433 SMALL LETTER GHE when word-final.
lc гU+0433 SMALL LETTER GHE in words with −ATR (back/masculine) vowels, unless it occurs in syllable-final position.
lc фU+0444 SMALL LETTER EF Used for transliteration.
lc вU+0432 SMALL LETTER VE at the beginning of a cluster, sometimes.
lc щU+0449 SMALL LETTER SHCHA Used for Russian words only.
uc ЩU+0429 CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA Used for Russian words only.
lc кU+043A SMALL LETTER KA Used for transliteration.
uc КU+041A CAPITAL LETTER KA Used for transliteration.
This section describes typographic features related to digits, dates, currencies, etc.
The Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian uses ASCII digits.
The Mongolian unit of currency is the tugrik, formerly subdivided into 100 möngö. The standard abbreviation is MNT, and the currency symbol is ₮U+20AE TUGRIK SIGN.
Mongolian in Cyrillic is written in horizontal lines with text running from left to right.
Show default bidi_class properties for characters in the Mongolian orthography described here.
This section describes typographic features related to font/writing styles, cursive text, context-based shaping, context-based positioning, letterform slopes, weights & italics, and case & other character transforms.
You can experiment with examples using the All Cyrillic character app and the Mongolian character app.
Are italicisation, bolding, oblique, etc relevant? Do italic fonts lean in the right direction? Is synthesised italicisation problematic? Are there other problems relating to bolding or italicisation - perhaps relating to generalised assumptions of applicability?
Cyrillic doesn't normally have any of the changeability of complex scripts. Characters are typically separate and self-contained. However, there can be a significant difference in shape between regular and italic/cursive font shapes for the same character.
Note in particular the italic form of т in the figure just above, which looks similar to the italic form of м shown in the previous figure.
The shapes of the italic forms can also vary by language.w
The shape of the breve sign in Cyrillic is different from that used for Latin text.5 A font such as Brill can detect the appropriate shape from the adjacent characters.
Is the orthography bicameral? Are there other character pairings, especially when transforms are needed to convert between the two?
Cyrillic is bicameral, and applications may need to enable transforms to allow the user to switch between cases.
Are words separated by spaces, or other characters? Are there special requirements when double-clicking on the text? Are words hyphenated?
Words are separated by spaces.
Cyrillic Mongolian graphemes are straightforward, and can be mapped to Unicode grapheme clusters.
Base (Combining_mark)*
The 2 combining marks that occur in Cyrillic Mongolian appear only on the rare occasions when the text is decomposed, and only one combining mark at a time appears after any base. All such decompositions conform to Unicode grapheme clusters.
Click on the text version of this word to see more detail about the composition.
 | лийр ɮiːr pear |
 | (decomposed) |
This section describes typographic features related to word boundaries, phrase & section boundaries, bracketed text, quotations & citations, emphasis, abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition, inline notes & annotations, other punctuation, and other inline text decoration.
What characters are used to indicate the boundaries of phrases, sentences, and sections?
The cyrillic orthography uses ASCII punctuation.
| phrase | |
|---|---|
| sentence |
Mongolian commonly uses ASCII parentheses to insert parenthetical information into text.
| start | end | |
|---|---|---|
| standard |
What characters are used to indicate quotations? Do quotations within quotations use different characters? What characters are used to indicate dialogue? Are the same mechanisms used to cite words, or for scare quotes, etc? What about citing book or article names?
The standard approach is to use angle brackets by default, and the quotation marks for nested quotes. An alternative is to use the quotation marks at the top level.9
| start | end | |
|---|---|---|
| initial | ||
| nested |
For dialogue, the quotation dash is commonly used to introduce the spoken text, but also to terminate it before identifying the speaker. —U+2014 EM DASH could be used for this, with spaces around it.9
What characters are used to indicate abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition?
This section describes typographic features related to line breaking & hyphenation, text alignment & justification, text spacing, baselines, line height, counters, lists, and styling initials.
Are there special rules about the way text wraps when it hits the end of a line? Does line-breaking wrap whole 'words' at a time, or characters, or something else (such as syllables in Tibetan and Javanese)? What characters should not appear at the end or start of a line, and what should be done to prevent that? Is hyphenation used, or something else? What rules are used? What difficulties exist?
Spaces between words provide the primary line break opportunities.6
As in almost all writing systems, certain punctuation characters should not appear at the end or the start of a line. The Unicode line-break properties help applications decide whether a character should appear at the start or end of a line.
Show (default) line-breaking properties for characters in the Mongolian orthography.
The following list gives examples of typical behaviours for some of the characters used in Mongolian. Context may affect the behaviour of some of these and other characters.
Click/tap on the characters to show what they are.
Does text in a paragraph needs to have flush lines down both sides? Does the script allow punctuation to hang outside the text box at the start or end of a line? Where adjustments are need to make a line flush, how is that done? Does the script shrink/stretch space between words and/or letters? Are word baselines stretched, as in Arabic? What about paragraph indents?
Justification is done, principally, by adjusting the space between words.
Does the script have special requirements for baseline alignment between mixed scripts and in general? Is line height special for this script? Are there other aspects that affect line spacing, or positioning of items vertically within a line?
Cyrillic uses the so-called 'alphabetic' baseline, which is the same as for Latin and many other scripts.
Cyrillic has little in the way of ascenders and descenders, and mostly the font metrics are the same as for ASCII text. One difference is the use of a couple of diacritics, which rise above the ASCII ascender height in capital letters..
To give an approximate idea, Figure 5 compares Latin and Cyrillic glyphs from Noto fonts.
Figure 6 shows similar comparisons for the Doulos SIL and Helvetica fonts.
This section describes typographic features related to general page layout & progression; grids & tables, notes, footnotes, etc, forms & user interaction, and page numbering, running headers, etc.
1J Bat-Ireedui, Alan JK Sanders (1999), Colloquial Mongolian, Taylor & Francis Ltd
2Jan-Olof Svantesson, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzen (2005), The Phonology of Mongolian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199554270
3Gov.uk (2019), Romanization of Mongolian Cyrillic, BGN/PCGN 1964 System✓
4номын гэр, The Mongolian Alphabet
5ScriptSource, Glyph Variant for U+0306 (retr. Apr 2021)✓
6Unicode Consortium (2020), The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0, Chapter 7.4: Europe-I, Cyrillic, 311-315, ISBN 978-1-936213-16-0.
7Wikipedia, Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (retr. May 2021)
8Wikipedia, Mongolian Language (retr. May 2021)
9Wikipedia, Quotation mark (retr. Apr 2021)