/* */ var charDetails = { // MAIN BLOCK '\u{0700}': `

eg. n ܘܐܠܝ̣ܐ܀ wʾly‐̜ʾ܀

`, '\u{0701}': `

Marks interrogations, imperatives, and pauses, especially in Biblical textsn, eg. ܥܰܩܶܟܘ܁ ʿȧqėkw.

`, '\u{0702}': `

Marks subordinate clauses and minor pauses, especially in Biblical textsn, eg. ܠܚܶܩܡ܂ lħėqm.

`, '\u{0703}': `

Marks expressions of wonder and has a distinct pausal value in Biblical textsn, eg. ܕܐܪܥܐ܃ dʾrʿʾ:

`, '\u{0704}': `

Used at the end of verses of supplicationsn, eg. ܟܫܡܐ܄ kʃmʾ:

`, '\u{0705}': `

Joins two words closely together in a context to which a rising tone is suitablen, eg. ܬ݁ܘܽܒ݂ܘ܅ t‐̇wůb‐̣w:

`, '\u{0706}': `

Marks a dependent clausen, eg. ܦܪܕܝܣܐ܆ prdysʾ:

`, '\u{0707}': `

Marks the end of a subdivision of the apodosis, or latter part of a Biblical versen, eg. ܒ݁ܘܽܟܪܳܐ܇ b‐̇wůkråʾ:

`, '\u{0708}': `

Marks a minor phrase divisionn, eg. ܘܰܐܢ̱ܬ܈ wȧʾṉt;

`, '\u{0709}': `

Marks the end of a real or rhetorical question. Should be called sublinear colon skewed leftn, eg. ܩܕ݂ܳܡܰܝܗܘ̇ܢ܉ qd‐̣åmȧyhw‐͑n?

`, '\u{070A}': `

Placed at the end of an incomplete word to mark a contraction. Mostly used in East Syriacn,44, eg. ܩܫ܊ qʃ.

`, '\u{070B}': `

Marks the beginning of a phrase, word, or morpheme that has a marginal note in the Herklean translation of the New Testament. The section is ended using ܌ [U+070C SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS]n,44. For example: ܋ܙܒܢܝ̈ܢ܌ ܋zbny‐̈n܌

`, '\u{070C}': `

Marks the end of a section with a marginal note in the Herklean translation of the New Testament. The beginning of the section is indicated using ܋ [U+070B SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS] or ܍ [U+070D SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS]n,44. For example: ܋ܙܒܢܝ̈ܢ܌ ܋zbny‐̈n܌

`, '\u{070D}': `

`, '\u{070F}': `

Indicates that a sequence of characters is an abbreviation, eg. the following are fully expanded and abbreviated versions of the same thing:

ܬܫܒܘܚܬܐ

ܬ܏ܫܒܘ

The line would ideally have a small circle at the start, middle and end. It normally starts to the left of the nearest tall letter to the end of the abbreviation.

Modern East Syriac texts use a punctuation mark for contractions of this sort.

It is also used to indicate letter-based numbers, eg.

ܒ܏ܝܗ

Note how, in this example, the prefix ܒ, is not covered by the SAM, only the number itself.

`, '\u{0710}': `

ʔ as a consonant, though often not pronounced, in which case it behaves like a mater lectionis. As such, it can represent a range of vowel sounds, although it is followed by YUDH or WAW for some of them.

ܐܒܓܕ

ܐܙܠܐ

ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ

ܡܐܡܪܐ

ܐܣܦܣ

ܐܘܫܥܢܐ

ܐܝܫܠܐ

At face value, it's not always clear whether this letter represents a glottal stop or a vowel, or in some cases which vowel it represents. For example, note the ambiguity in the following pronunciations:

ܐܝܫܠܐ

ܐܝܟ

It appears at the end of most words ending in ɑ or e, but is silent and doesn't affect the preceding sound (which is also ambiguous).

ܕܪܕܐ

ܕܪܕܐ darde vultures

As a consonant, usually transcribed ʾ. As mater lectionis, this may be transcribed as ȃ

`, '\u{0711}': `

Used in East Syriac texts to indicate an etymological alaph, eg. ܩܲܖ݄ܡܵܝܑܼܬ̣ qaḋ݄māyܑit‐̜

Maps to nothing in West Syriac.n,44

`, '\u{0712}': `

b when hard.

ܒܓܐ

ܐܒܘܒܐ

v when soft.

ܪܒܨܐ

ܒܒܬܐ

Wherever it is traditionally geminate within a word, even in dialects that no longer distinguish double consonants, it is hard.wb,#Syriac_Beth

Combinations

ܒ݂ [U+0712 SYRIAC LETTER BETH + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft v sound.

ܒ݁ [U+0712 SYRIAC LETTER BETH + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, b.

`, '\u{0713}': `

g when hard.

ܓܡܠܐ

ܐܓܘܓܐ

ܒܪܢܓ

ɣ when soft.

ܒܓܐ

ܪܣܘܓ

Combinations

ܟ݂ [U+071F SYRIAC LETTER KAPH + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft x sound.

ܟ݁ [U+071F SYRIAC LETTER KAPH + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, k.

`, '\u{0714}': `

Garshuni letter used for writing Arabic in the Syriac script.

`, '\u{0715}': `

d when hard.

ܕܪܕܐ

ܐܒܓܕ

ð when soft.

ܡܕܪܐ

ܦܘܠܕ

Combinations

ܕ݂ [U+0715 SYRIAC LETTER DALATH + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft ð sound.

ܕ݁ [U+0715 SYRIAC LETTER DALATH + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, d.

Shaping

Joins only to the right.

`, '\u{0716}': `

Before the 4th century, the dot that distinguishes ܕ [U+0715 SYRIAC LETTER DALATH] from ܪ [U+072A SYRIAC LETTER RISH] was not used. This code point can be used to represent that ambiguous form, where needed.

Shaping

Joins only to the right.

`, '\u{0717}': `

Consonant, grammatical marker, or abbreviation.

ܗܪܗܪܐ

ܦܗܕܐ

At the end of a word with a point above it, it represents the third-person feminine singular suffix. Without the point, it stands for the masculine equivalent.wh

Standing alone with a horizontal line above it, it is the abbreviation for either one of the followingwh: ܗܵܢܘܿ hānô this is, that is ܗܵܠܹܠܘܼܝܵܐ hālēlûyâ hallelujah

Greek ai is sometimes written ܗ.d,501

Shaping

Joins only to right.

`, '\u{0718}': `

w as a consonant, or in the diphthong aw.

ܘܙܐ

ܓܘܓܝ

ܬܘܬܪܐ

u or o as mater lectionis.

ܫܘܫܢܬܐ

ܟܕܘ

ܚܘܚܐ

As a consonant, usually transcribed w. When combined with vowel signs, this may be transcribed as û or ô.

Shaping

Joins only to right.

`, '\u{0719}': `

ܙܘܙܐ

ܩܙ

Shaping

Joins only to the right.

`, '\u{071A}': `

ħ May also be x, χ

ܚܘܚܐ

ܦܪܚ

`, '\u{071B}': `

tˤ

ܛܒܐ

ܐܣܛܪܛ

`, '\u{071C}': `

Garshuni letter used for writing Arabic in the Syriac script.

`, '\u{071D}': `

j as consonant or as part of the diphthong aj.

ܝܒܝܫܘܬܐ

ܐܬܠܝܐ

ܓܘܓܝ

i or e as mater lectionis.

ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ

ܪܝܪܐ

ܩܛܝܪܩܐ

As a consonant, usually transcribed y. When combined with vowel signs, this may be transcribed as î or ê.

`, '\u{071E}': `

Used in East Syriac and Estrangela texts only, this is an abbreviation for "God" used in some ceremonial contexts but not ordinary text. It used as a symbol, with no pronunciation.

Joins only to the right.

`, '\u{071F}': `

k when hard.

ܟܟܐ

ܟܘܡܬܪܐ

x when soft.

ܟܟܘܫܬܐ

ܗܠܟ

Combinations

ܟ݂ [U+071F SYRIAC LETTER KAPH + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft x sound.

ܟ݁ [U+071F SYRIAC LETTER KAPH + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, k.

`, '\u{0720}': `

ܠܠܝܐ

ܐܙܠܐ

ܬܐܒܝܠ

`, '\u{0721}': `

ܡܐܡܪܐ

ܓܡܠܐ

ܡܕܡ

Shaping

When isolated, this letter is usually shown as initial+final form, ie. ܡܡ m

`, '\u{0722}': `

ܢܘܢܐ

ܬܪܘܢܝܘܢ

ܫܘܦܢܝܢܐ

Shaping

When isolated, this letter is usually shown as initial+final form, ie. ܢܢ n

`, '\u{0723}': `

ܣܣܐ

ܐܣܦܣ

Shaping

In word-final position, this may be replaced by ܤ [U+0724 SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH]

Unusually, this letter started out as right-joining only. From the 7th to 11th century, there was a mix of right- and dual-joining letters. From the 12th century onwards, this letter has been dual-joining. To simulate the earlier behaviour, use U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (ZWNJ) immediately after this letter.n,44

`, '\u{0724}': `

s as a word-final alternate form (like Greek final sigma) for ܣ [U+0723 SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH].

It occurs interchangeably with ܣ [U+0723 SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH].n,44

`, '\u{0725}': `

ܥܛܪܐ

ܢܥܢܥ

`, '\u{0726}': `

p when hard.

ܦܕܢܐ

ܦܣܦܣܐ

f when soft. (Not found in most eastern dialects, or may become w.)

ܫܘܦܢܝܢܐ

ܙܩܦ

Combinations

ܦ݂ [U+0726 SYRIAC LETTER PE + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft f sound.

ܦ݁ [U+0726 SYRIAC LETTER PE + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, p.

ܦ̮ [U+0726 SYRIAC LETTER PE + U+032E COMBINING BREVE BELOW] can be used in East Syriac for f. This is the only letter that uses that diacritic.

`, '\u{0727}': `

p in Christian Palestinian Aramaic, which was a Western Aramaic dialect used by the Melkite Christian community in Palestine and Transjordan between the fifth and thirteenth centuries.

`, '\u{0728}': `

sˤ

ܨܪܨܘܪܐ

ܬܪܨ

`, '\u{0729}': `

ܩܛܝܪܩܐ

ܐܝܣܚܩ

`, '\u{072A}': `

ܪܝܪܐ

ܐܡܒܪ

`, '\u{072B}': `

ܫܘܫܢܬܐ

ܠܫܢܐ

`, '\u{072C}': `

t when hard.

ܬܘܬܪܐ

ܐܢܬ

θ (ṯ) when soft.

ܐܬܠܝܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܒܗܡܘܬ

Combinations

ܬ݂ [U+072C SYRIAC LETTER TAW + U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA] indicates that this is the soft θ sound.

ܬ݁ [U+072C SYRIAC LETTER TAW + U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA] indicates that this represents the hard form, t.

Shaping

Joins only to the right.

`, '\u{072D}': `

`, '\u{072E}': `

`, '\u{072F}': `

`, '\u{0730}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from an uppercase alphan, eg. ܐܰܝܟܱ݁ܢܺܐ ʾȧykạ‐̇nïʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear below the consonant use ܱ [U+0731 SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW].

`, '\u{0731}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from an uppercase alphan, eg. ܐܰܝܟܱ݁ܢܺܐ ʾȧykạ‐̇nïʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear above the consonant use ܰ [U+0730 SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE].

`, '\u{0732}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{0733}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a lowercase alphan, eg. ܪܬܘܩܵܢܳܐ rtwqānåʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear below the consonant use ܴ [U+0734 SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW].

`, '\u{0734}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a lowercase alphan, eg. ܟܴ݁ܗ̈ܢܶܐ kḁ‐̇h‐̈nėʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear above the consonant use ܳ [U+0733 SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE].

`, '\u{0735}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{0736}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a lowercase epsilonn, eg. ܟܴ݁ܗ̈ܢܶܐ kḁ‐̇h‐̈nėʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear below the consonant use ܷ [U+0737 SYRIAC RBASA BELOW].

`, '\u{0737}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a lowercase epsilonn, eg. ܘܰܡܫܰܐܷܠ wȧmʃȧʾẹl

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear above the consonant use ܶ [U+0736 SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE].

`, '\u{0738}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{0739}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{073A}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a uppercase etan, eg. ܥܰܡܰܢܘܽܐܝܺܠ̣ ʿȧmȧnwůʾyïl‐̜

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear below the consonant use ܻ [U+073B SYRIAC HBASA BELOW].

`, '\u{073B}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a uppercase etan, eg. ܕܻ݁ܝܗܘܽܕ݁ܳܐ dị‐̇yhwůd‐̇åʾ

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear above the consonant use ܺ [U+073A SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE].

`, '\u{073C}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{073D}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a combined capital upsilon and lowercase omicronn, eg. ܥܰܡܰܢܘܽܐܝܺܠ̣ ʿȧmȧnwůʾyïl‐̜

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear below the consonant use ܾ [U+073E SYRIAC ESASA BELOW].

`, '\u{073E}': `

Used for West Syriac. Derived from a combined capital upsilon and lowercase omicronn, eg. ܩܕ݂ܳܡܰܝܗܾܘܢ qd‐̣åmȧyhụwn

The vowel can be indicated either above or below the consonant. To make it appear above the consonant use ܽ [U+073D SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE].

`, '\u{073F}': `

Dotted vowel diacritics are standard in East Syriac, but also sometimes used in West Syriac too.

`, '\u{0740}': `

Used with ܬ [U+072C SYRIAC LETTER TAW] when it is a feminine suffix.

East Syriac fonts should render as two dots below the base letter, whereas West Syriac fonts render as a single dot to the left of the base, eg. ܕܰܫܘܳܬ݀

Examples to the right show (top to bottom) estrangelo, eastern, and western styles.

`, '\u{0741}': `

The following letters can represent either a 'hard' or 'soft' consonant: ܒ ܓ ܕ ܟ ܦ ܬ

The hard version is a plosive, and the soft version a fricative.

This diacritic is used to explicitly indicate that the letter represents the 'hard' form (qūššāyā), although in modern text the absence of a dot is the usual way to indicate a hard value.

`, '\u{0742}': `

The following letters can represent either a 'hard' or 'soft' consonant: ܒ ܓ ܕ ܟ ܦ ܬ

This diacritic is used to explicitly indicate that the letter represents the 'soft' form (rukkāḵā).

Shaping

In some fonts ܕ [U+0715 SYRIAC LETTER DALATH] has a dot above the baseline, so no adjustment is needed to fit this diacritic in, eg. ܝܘܕ݂ yōḏ

`, '\u{0743}': `

Accent mark used in ancient manuscripts, eg. ܡܪ݃ܝܐ

`, '\u{0744}': `

Accent mark used in ancient manuscripts, eg. ܡܪ݄ܝ

`, '\u{0745}': `

Used in Turoyo for letters not found in Syriac, eg. ܐ݅ ܦܪܥܓܬܐ

`, '\u{0746}': `

Used in Turoyo for letters not found in Syriac, eg. ܔ݆ܰܥܓܰܗ̈

`, '\u{0747}': `

Silent letter marker, used in the Eastern style.

The Western style uses ̱ [U+0331 COMBINING MACRON BELOW], eg. ܒܬ̱ܪ bṯr

The marker can also appear below the base, in which case use ݈ [U+0748 SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW].

`, '\u{0748}': `

Indicates a silent letter, used in the Eastern style, eg. ܐ݈

The Western style uses ̱ [U+0331 COMBINING MACRON BELOW], eg. ܒܬ̱ܪ bṯr

The marker can also appear above the base, in which case use ݇ [U+0747 SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE].

Can also be used to indicate numbers multiplied by a certain constant.

`, '\u{0749}': `

A music mark, eg. ܘܰܩـ݉ـܨܳܐ

Also used in the Syrian Orthodox Anaphora book to mark the breaking of the Eucharist bread.

`, '\u{074A}': `

A diacritic cross used in liturgical texts of all the Syriac churches, East and West, eg. ܘܩܰـ݊ـܕܶܫ

`, '\u{074D}': `

`, '\u{074E}': `

`, '\u{074F}': `

`, '\u{0303}': ` `, '\u{0304}': ` `, '\u{0307}': ` `, '\u{0308}': ` `, '\u{030A}': `

Used as an alternative to ݁ [U+0741 SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA], and mixed freely with the latter in West Syriac grammar books to indicate the hard pronunciation of plosive letters.d

`, '\u{0323}': ` `, '\u{0324}': ` `, '\u{0325}': `

Used as an alternative to ݂ [U+0742 SYRIAC RUKKAKHA], and mixed freely with the latter in West Syriac grammar books to indicate the soft pronunciation of plosive letters.d

`, '\u{032D}': ` `, '\u{032E}': ` `, '\u{0330}': ` `, '\u{0331}': ` `, '\u{060C}': ` `, '\u{061B}': ` `, '\u{061F}': ` `, '\u{0640}': ` `, }