Sundanese character notes

Latin: ng

ŋ as a syllable-final sound, eg. ᮙᮀᮌᮥ manggu mangosteen

Latin: r

r as a syllable-final sound, eg. ᮕᮞᮤᮁ pasir hill

Latin: h

h as a syllable-final sound, eg. ᮃᮘᮂ-ᮃᮘᮂ abah-abah goods

Latin: a

There is no corresponding vowel sign, since this is the inherent vowel.

a independent vowel.

ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ aksara syllable

ᮘᮤᮃᮀ biang mother

Latin: i

i independent vowel.

ᮄᮛᮠ iraha when

ᮎᮎᮄ cacai liquid

Latin: u

u independent vowel.

ᮅᮔᮤᮍ uninga to know

ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ taun year

Latin: é

e independent vowel.

ᮆᮜ᮪ᮙᮥ élmu science

ᮞᮆ saé good

Latin: o

o independent vowel.

ᮇᮛᮚ᮪ oray snake

ᮔᮇᮔ᮪ naon what

Latin: e

ə independent vowel.

ᮈᮙᮞ᮪ emas gold

Latin: eu

ɤ independent vowel.

ᮈᮙᮞ᮪ emas gold

ᮞᮩᮉᮁ seueur many

Latin: k

k consonant.

ᮊᮥᮜ᮪ᮊᮞ᮪ kulkas refrigerator

ᮃᮏᮊ᮪ ajak to invite

Latin: q

q consonant for writing foreign words.

Latin: g

g consonant.

ᮌᮥᮌᮥᮊ᮪ guguk dog

ᮃᮓᮨᮌ᮪ adeg to stand

Latin: ng

ŋ syllable-initial consonant.

ᮍᮙᮔᮂ ngamanah to think

ᮜᮍᮣᮚᮍᮔ᮪ langlayangan kite

Latin: c

t͡ʃ consonant.

ᮎᮥᮎᮥᮒ᮪ cucut shark

ᮊᮥᮎᮥᮁ kucur to flow

Latin: j

d͡ʒ consonant.

ᮏᮏᮔ᮪ᮒᮥᮀ jajantung heart

ᮝᮔᮧᮏ wanoja woman

Latin: z

Used for writing foreign words.

Latin: ny

ɲ consonant.

ᮑᮔ nyana he, she, it

ᮛᮤᮑᮥᮂ rinyuh termite

Latin: t

t consonant.

ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ taun year

ᮃᮀᮊᮒ᮪ angkat to leave

Latin: d

d consonant.

ᮓᮜᮤᮀᮓᮤᮀ dalingding fragrant

ᮘᮥᮜᮩᮓ᮪ buleud spherical

Latin: n

n consonant.

ᮔᮇᮔ᮪ naon what

ᮓᮤᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪ dinten day

Latin: p

p consonant.

ᮕᮔᮧᮔ᮪ᮕᮧᮆ panonpoé sun

ᮊᮨᮎᮕ᮪ kecap word

Latin: f

f consonant for writing foreign words.

ᮍᮖᮥᮀᮞᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ngafungsikeun to activate, enable

Latin: v

v consonant for writing foreign words.

Latin: b

b consonant.

ᮘᮥᮃᮂ buah fruit

ᮞᮃᮘ᮪ saab water vapour

Latin: m

m consonant.

ᮙᮛᮩᮙᮔ᮪ mareuman to switch off

ᮄᮊᮣᮤᮙ᮪ iklim climate

Latin: y

j consonant.

ᮙᮛᮩᮙᮔ᮪ mareuman to switch off

ᮜᮍᮣᮚᮍᮔ᮪ langlayangan kite

For medial -j- use   ᮡ [U+1BA1 SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PAMINGKAL​].

Latin: r

r syllable-initial consonant.

ᮛᮔ᮪ᮏᮀ risbang bed

ᮞᮛᮨᮀ sareng with

For syllable-final -r use   ᮁ [U+1B81 SUNDANESE SIGN PANGLAYAR​]. And for medial -r- use   ᮢ [U+1BA2 SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PANYAKRA​].

Latin: l

l syllable-initial consonant.

ᮜᮍᮤᮒ᮪ langit sky

ᮎᮨᮕᮤᮜ᮪ cepil ear

For medial -l- use   ᮣ [U+1BA3 SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PANYIKU​].

Latin: w

w syllable-initial consonant.

ᮝᮠᮍᮔ᮪ wahangan river

ᮓᮝᮥᮂ ᮊᮤᮝᮛᮤ dawuh kiwari right now

Latin: s

s consonant.

ᮞᮔᮦᮞ᮪ sanes not

ᮕᮥᮞ᮪ᮕ puspal flower

Latin: ks

ks consonant for writing foreign words.

Latin: h

h syllable-initial consonant.

ᮠᮜᮩᮀᮠᮩᮙ᮪ haleungheum overcast

ᮊᮥᮙᮠ kumaha how

Latin: y

-j- medial consonant.

Latin: r

-r- medial consonant.

ᮃᮌᮢᮤᮊᮥᮜ᮪ᮒᮥᮁ agrikultur agriculture

Latin: l

-l- medial consonant.

ᮄᮊᮣᮤᮙ᮪ iklim climate

Latin: i

i vowel sign.

ᮄᮊᮣᮤᮙ᮪ iklim climate

Latin: u

u vowel sign.

ᮆᮜ᮪ᮙᮥ élmu science

Latin: é

o vowel sign, displayed to the left of the base character.

ᮛᮦᮌᮀ régang stick

Latin: o

o vowel sign.

ᮌᮨᮜᮧᮙ᮪ᮘᮀ ᮙᮤᮊᮢᮧ gelombang mikro microwave

Latin: e

ə vowel sign.

ᮌᮨᮓᮀ gedang papaya

Latin: eu

ɤ vowel sign.

ᮊᮩᮞᮢᮊ᮪ keusrak rough

Visible indicator of a killed vowel, eg. ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ aksara syllable

Not used in modern Sundanese.

When reproducing the older orthography this can be used to create conjuncts like any other virama. The following shows known conjuncts.

Not used in modern Sundanese.

When reproducing the old orthography this can be used to represent a medial m (like  ၟ [U+105F MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL MA​]). It contrasts with a subjoined m produced with the virama.

Not used in modern Sundanese.

When reproducing the old orthography this can be used to represent a medial w that contrasts with a subjoined w produced with the virama.

Latin: kh

Used for writing Arabic خ.

ᮮᮥᮯᮥ xušu خاشع state of grace

Not widely used.

Latin: sy

s for writing Arabic ش.

ᮮᮥᮯᮥ xušu خاشع state of grace

Not widely used.

Latin: 0

Latin: 1

Latin: 2

Latin: 3

Latin: 4

Latin: 5

Latin: 6

Latin: 7

Latin: 8

Latin: 9

Not used in modern Sundanese.

In older Sundanese orthography it kills the vowel of a preceding consonant but introduces a hiatus before an initial a-, eg. ᮃᮜᮥᮔᮺᮌᮥᮀ alun-agung tidal wave

This could also be written as two words, ie. ᮃᮜᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮌᮥᮀ ᮃᮜᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮌᮥᮀ

rɤ vocalic. Not used with modern Sundanese, where this syllable is written ᮛᮩ rɤ

In reproductions of the old orthography this can be used for rɤ

lɤ vocalic. Not used with modern Sundanese, where this syllable is written ᮜᮩ lɤ

In reproductions of the old orthography this can be used for lɤ

A symbol found on the Prasasta Kawali (the oldest inscribed stone containing Sundanese text).

Final -k. Not used with modern Sundanese, where this is written ᮊ᮪ k

Can be used for reproductions of the old orthography as it was written on palm leaf manuscripts.

Final -m. Not used with modern Sundanese, where this is written ᮙ᮪ m

Can be used for reproductions of the old orthography as it was written on palm leaf manuscripts.

Latin: .

Used in Old Sundanese. Can represent a full stop.

Also used as part of ᳆᳀᳆ to denote a religious text.

It represents the sun.

Used in Old Sundanese. As part of the sequence ᳆᳁, this helps indicate that the source is a religious text.

It represents a half moon.

Used in Old Sundanese. Used to represent a comma when ᳀ [U+1CC0 SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU SURYA] is used as a full stop.

As part of the sequence ᳅᳂᳅ this indicates that the source is a historical text.

It represents a full moon.

Otherwise ᳃ [U+1CC3 SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU CAKRA] may be used as a comma in older texts.

The meaning of this sign is not clear. It appears in Old Sundanese manuscripts.

As part of the sequence ᳅᳂᳅ this indicates that the source is a historical text.

When used as part of ᳆᳀᳆ in religious texts.

When used as part of ᳇᳇ in religious texts.