က
`, '\u{1001}': `ခ
`, '\u{1002}': `ဂ
`, '\u{1003}': `ဃ
`, '\u{1004}': `င
ŋ , eg. ငူး ၼင်ႈ
`, '\u{1005}': `စ
`, '\u{1006}': `ဆ
`, '\u{1007}': `ဇ
`, '\u{1008}': `ဈ
`, '\u{1009}': `ဉ
`, '\u{100A}': `ည
`, '\u{100B}': `ဋ
`, '\u{100C}': `ဌ
`, '\u{100D}': `ဍ
`, '\u{100E}': `ဎ
`, '\u{100F}': `ဏ
`, '\u{1010}': `တ
t, eg. တွင်
t̚ in syllable-final position, eg. ၵတ်း
`, '\u{1011}': `ထ
tʰ, eg. ထူၺ်ႈၸႂ်
`, '\u{1012}': `ဒ
`, '\u{1013}': `ဓ
`, '\u{1014}': `န
`, '\u{1015}': `ပ
p, eg. ပႆ
p̚ in syllable-final position, eg. ယဵပ်ႉ
`, '\u{1016}': `ဖ
`, '\u{1017}': `ဗ
`, '\u{1018}': `ဘ
`, '\u{1019}': `မ
m, eg. မၢၵ်ႇ ၼမ်ႉ
`, '\u{101A}': `ယ
j, eg. ယမ်း
`, '\u{101B}': `ရ
r eg. ရႃႇဝၢင်ႇ
`, '\u{101C}': `လ
l, eg. လၢဝ်
`, '\u{101D}': `ဝ
w, eg. ဝၼ်း လၢဝ်
Vowels
aw with asat following an inherent vowel, ie. ဝ် [U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. ၶဝ်
Used to indicate a final w in diphthongs, but also appears in 2 composite vowels that represent plain vowels.
-ɔj is ွႆ [U+103D MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL WA + U+1086 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y], eg. လွႆ
`, '\u{101E}': `သ
sʰ, eg. သုၵ်ႈ
`, '\u{101F}': `ဟ
`, '\u{1020}': `ဠ
`, '\u{1021}': `အ
`, '\u{1022}': `ဢ
Carrier for standalone vowels.
ʔa when used on its own (same sound as the inherent vowel), eg. ဢပုမ်ႇ
Otherwise, carries standard vowel-signs, eg. ဢႅဝ် ဝၢၵ်ႈဢူႇ
`, '\u{1023}': `ဣ
`, '\u{1024}': `ဤ
`, '\u{1025}': `ဥ
`, '\u{1026}': `ဦ
`, '\u{1027}': `ဧ
`, '\u{1028}': `ဨ
`, '\u{1029}': `ဩ
`, '\u{102A}': `ဪ
`, '\u{102B}': `ါ
`, '\u{102C}': `ာ
`, '\u{102D}': `ိ
i eg. ၵိၼ်
Combinations
-ɯ- is ို [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U], eg. ၽိုင်ႈ
-ɯː is ိုဝ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. မိုဝ်း
-ɤ- is ိူ [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU], eg. လိူင်
-ɤː is ိူဝ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. သိူဝ်
-ɨj is ိုၺ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT]
-ɤj is ိူၺ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT]
-iw is ိဝ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. ၽိဝ်ၼင်
-uj is ုၺ် [U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. ၽုၺ်ႇ
-oj is ူၺ် [U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. မူၺ်
`, '\u{102E}': `ီ
iː eg. သီႇ
`, '\u{102F}': `ု
u eg. လုပ်ႇ
Combinations
-ɯ- is ို [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U], eg. ၽိုင်ႈ
-ɯː is ိုဝ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. မိုဝ်း
-ɨj is ိုၺ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT]
-uj is ုၺ် [U+102F MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. လုၺ်း
Shaping
If this vowel is preceded by a shape that reaches below the baseline, it may be displayed to the right of the base, rather than below, eg. ဝုၼ်ႇၵျီးၶျုၵ်ႈ
`, '\u{1030}': `ူ
uː in open syllables, eg. ပူ
o in closed syllables, eg. ၵူပ်း ၵူၼ်း
Combinations
-ɤ- is ိူ [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU], eg. လိူင်
-ɤj is –ိူၺ် [U+102D MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I + U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT]
-oj is ူၺ် [U+1030 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU + U+107A MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. မူၺ်
Shaping
If this vowel is preceded by a shape that reaches below the baseline, it may be displayed to the right of the base, rather than below, eg. ၵျူဝ်ႇ
`, '\u{1031}': `ေ
-e in open syllables, eg. မေး
Combinations
-ɔ is ေႃ [U+1031 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E + U+1083 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN AA], eg. ၶေႃး ၵျေႃင်း
`, '\u{1032}': `ဲ
`, '\u{1033}': `ဳ
`, '\u{1034}': `ဴ
`, '\u{1035}': `ဵ
-e- in closed syllables, eg. ၼဵပ်ႉ ၶဵဝ်
`, '\u{1036}': `ံ
`, '\u{1037}': `့
`, '\u{1038}': `း
˥ high tone, eg. (unchecked) ၼႃး; (checked) လၵ်း
`, '\u{1039}': `္
`, '\u{103A}': `်
Kills the inherent vowel. It doesn't create stacking, and is always visible. It is used regularly at then end of a closed syllable, eg. ႁိၼ်
Vowel combinations
Used in diphthongs that end with j or w, but in a couple of cases ဝ် [U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT] can be viewed as simply part of a composite vowel, eg. ၸိုဝ်ႈ ႁိူဝ်း
au is ဝ် [U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. တဝ်ႈ
aɯ is ႂ် [U+1082 MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN SHAN MEDIAL WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. ယႂ်ႇ
`, '\u{103B}': `ျ
-j- Dedicated letter for the semi-vowel in a syllable-initial cluster, eg. ၵျၢမ်ႇမႃႇ
Observation: Sometimes this is transcribed as t͡ʃ, eg. ဝုၼ်ႇၵျီးၶျုၵ်ႈ
Another source transcribes this as ʃ after သ [U+101E MYANMAR LETTER SA].
It may be that both pronunciations arise in words borrowed from other languages.
`, '\u{103C}': `ြ
-r- Dedicated letter for this sound in a syllable-initial cluster, eg. တြႃး သြႃႇဝုၼ်ႇ
`, '\u{103D}': `ွ
-ɔ- eg. မွၵ်ႇ
For the medial -w- see ႂ [U+1082 MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN SHAN MEDIAL WA].
Combinations
-ɔj is ွႆ [U+103D MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL WA + U+1086 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y], eg. လွႆ
`, '\u{103E}': `ှ
`, '\u{103F}': `ဿ
`, '\u{1040}': `၀
Infrequent.
0 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1090).
`, '\u{1041}': `၁
Infrequent.
1 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1091).
`, '\u{1042}': `၂
Infrequent.
2 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1092).
`, '\u{1043}': `၃
Infrequent.
3 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1093).
`, '\u{1044}': `၄
Infrequent.
4 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1094).
`, '\u{1045}': `၅
Infrequent.
5 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1095).
`, '\u{1046}': `၆
Infrequent.
6 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1096).
`, '\u{1047}': `၇
Infrequent.
7 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1097).
`, '\u{1048}': `၈
Infrequent.
8 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see 1098).
`, '\u{1049}': `၉
Infrequent.
9 myanmar digit. Used sometimes, but Shan has its own set of digits (see ႙).
`, '\u{104A}': `၊
A phrase or list separator, equivalent to a comma.
`, '\u{104B}': `။
A sentence separator, equivalent to a full stop.
`, '\u{104C}': `၌
`, '\u{104D}': `၍
`, '\u{104E}': `၎
`, '\u{104F}': `၏
`, '\u{1050}': `ၐ
`, '\u{1051}': `ၑ
`, '\u{1052}': `ၒ
`, '\u{1053}': `ၓ
`, '\u{1054}': `ၔ
`, '\u{1055}': `ၕ
`, '\u{1056}': `ၖ
`, '\u{1057}': `ၗ
`, '\u{1058}': `ၘ
`, '\u{1059}': `ၙ
`, '\u{105A}': `ၚ
`, '\u{105B}': `ၛ
`, '\u{105C}': `ၜ
`, '\u{105D}': `ၝ
`, '\u{105E}': `ၞ
`, '\u{105F}': `ၟ
`, '\u{1060}': `ၠ
`, '\u{1061}': `ၡ
`, '\u{1062}': `ၢ
-ɑː- eg. မၢၵ်ႇ ၸၢင်ႉ
Combinations
aːj is ၢႆ [U+1062 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SGAW KAREN EU + U+1086 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y], eg. ၸၢႆး
aːw is ၢဝ် [U+1062 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SGAW KAREN EU + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. လၢဝ်
`, '\u{1063}': `ၣ
`, '\u{1064}': `ၤ
`, '\u{1065}': `ၥ
`, '\u{1066}': `ၦ
`, '\u{1067}': `ၧ
`, '\u{1068}': `ၨ
`, '\u{1069}': `ၩ
`, '\u{106A}': `ၪ
`, '\u{106B}': `ၫ
`, '\u{106C}': `ၬ
`, '\u{106D}': `ၭ
`, '\u{106E}': `ၮ
`, '\u{106F}': `ၯ
`, '\u{1070}': `ၰ
`, '\u{1071}': `ၱ
`, '\u{1072}': `ၲ
`, '\u{1073}': `ၳ
`, '\u{1074}': `ၴ
`, '\u{1075}': `ၵ
k, eg. ၵတ်း
k̚ in syllable-final position, eg. ၼူၵ်ႉ
`, '\u{1076}': `ၶ
kʰ, eg. ၶူၼ်
`, '\u{1077}': `ၷ
Rare. Used for non-Shan sounds.
ɡ consonant with inherent vowel a.
`, '\u{1078}': `
ၸ
t͡ɕ, eg. ၸဵတ်း
`, '\u{1079}': `ၹ
Rare. Used for non-Shan sounds.
z consonant with inherent vowel a.
`, '\u{107A}': `
ၺ
ɲ eg. ၺွင်ႇ
Vowels
-j glide in diphthongs, particularly those beginning with u or o, eg. လုၺ်း မူၺ်
`, '\u{107B}': `ၻ
Rare. Used for non-Shan sounds.
d consonant with inherent vowel a.
`, '\u{107C}': `
ၼ
n, eg. ၼမ်ႉ ၾူၼ်
`, '\u{107D}': `ၽ
pʰ, eg. ၽူၼ်
`, '\u{107E}': `ၾ
f eg. ၾႆးၾႃႉ
The same words may also be written using ၽ [U+107D MYANMAR LETTER SHAN PHA], eg. compare ၾူၼ် ၽူၼ်
`, '\u{107F}': `ၿ
Rare. Used for non-Shan sounds.
b consonant with inherent vowel a.
`, '\u{1080}': `
ႀ
θ eg. ႀမတႃႉ
These words may also be spelled using သ [U+101E MYANMAR LETTER SA], eg. compare ႀရၽူႇ သရၽူႇ
`, '\u{1081}': `ႁ
h, eg. ႁႃႈ
`, '\u{1082}': `ႂ
-w- medial, eg. ၵႂၢႆး ၵႂၢင်
Vowel combination
-aɰ is ႂ် [U+1082 MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN SHAN MEDIAL WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. ယႂ်ႇ
`, '\u{1083}': `ႃ
-ɑː eg. ႁႃႈ
`, '\u{1084}': `ႄ
-ɛː eg. လႄႈ
`, '\u{1085}': `ႅ
-ɛ- eg. ၵႅပ်ႈ လႅင်
Combinations
-ɛw is ႅဝ် [U+1085 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN E ABOVE + U+101D MYANMAR LETTER WA + U+103A MYANMAR SIGN ASAT], eg. မႅဝ်း
`, '\u{1086}': `ႆ
-aj eg. ၶႆႇ
Combinations
-ɔj is ွႆ [U+103D MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL WA + U+1086 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y], eg. လွႆ
-aːj is ၢႆ [U+1062 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SGAW KAREN EU + U+1086 MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y], eg. ၵႂၢႆး
`, '\u{1087}': `ႇ
˩ low tone, eg. (unchecked) ၼႃႇ; (checked) လၢၵ်ႇ
`, '\u{1088}': `ႈ
˧˨ mid(-falling) tone, eg. (unchecked) ၼႃႈ; (checked) လၢၵ်ႈ
`, '\u{1089}': `ႉ
˦˨ˀ falling (creaky) tone, eg. (unchecked) ၼႃႉ; (checked) လၵ်ႉ
`, '\u{108A}': `ႊ
˧˦˧ emphatic tone.
The reformed script originally used only 4 tone marks, corresponding to the 5 tones spoken in the southern dialect, but the Lashio-based Shan Literature and Culture Association promotes the use of this tone mark for the northern 6th tone in a number of words.w
`, '\u{108B}': `ႋ
`, '\u{108C}': `ႌ
`, '\u{108D}': `ႍ
`, '\u{108E}': `ႎ
`, '\u{108F}': `ႏ
`, '\u{1090}': `႐
0 shan digit.
`, '\u{1091}': `႑
1 shan digit.
`, '\u{1092}': `႒
2 shan digit.
`, '\u{1093}': `႓
3 shan digit.
`, '\u{1094}': `႔
4 shan digit.
`, '\u{1095}': `႕
5 shan digit.
`, '\u{1096}': `႖
6 shan digit.
`, '\u{1097}': `႗
7 shan digit.
`, '\u{1098}': `႘
8 shan digit.
`, '\u{1099}': `႙
9 shan digit.
`, '\u{109A}': `ႚ
`, '\u{109B}': `ႛ
`, '\u{109C}': `ႜ
`, '\u{109D}': `ႝ
`, '\u{109E}': `႞
`, '\u{109F}': `႟
`, '\u{AA60}': `ꩠ
`, '\u{AA61}': `ꩡ
`, '\u{AA62}': `ꩢ
`, '\u{AA63}': `ꩣ
`, '\u{AA64}': `ꩤ
`, '\u{AA65}': `ꩥ
`, '\u{AA66}': `ꩦ
`, '\u{AA67}': `ꩧ
`, '\u{AA68}': `ꩨ
`, '\u{AA69}': `ꩩ
`, '\u{AA6A}': `ꩪ
`, '\u{AA6B}': `ꩫ
`, '\u{AA6C}': `ꩬ
`, '\u{AA6D}': `ꩭ
`, '\u{AA6E}': `ꩮ
`, '\u{AA6F}': `ꩯ
`, '\u{AA70}': `ꩰ
`, '\u{AA71}': `ꩱ
`, '\u{AA72}': `ꩲ
`, '\u{AA73}': `ꩳ
`, '\u{AA74}': `ꩴ
`, '\u{AA75}': `ꩵ
`, '\u{AA76}': `ꩶ
`, '\u{AA77}': `꩷
`, '\u{AA78}': `꩸
`, '\u{AA79}': `꩹
`, '\u{AA7A}': `ꩺ
`, '\u{AA7B}': `ꩻ
`, '\u{AA7C}': `ꩼ
`, '\u{AA7D}': `ꩽ
`, '\u{AA7E}': `ꩾ
`, '\u{AA7F}': `ꩿ
`, '\u{A9E0}': `ꧠ
`, '\u{A9E1}': `ꧡ
`, '\u{A9E2}': `ꧢ
`, '\u{A9E3}': `ꧣ
`, '\u{A9E4}': `ꧤ
`, '\u{A9E5}': `ꧥ
`, '\u{A9E6}': `ꧦ
Repetition marker.
The following text shows examples of use.
ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းတင်းၼမ် တႅမ်ႈꧦမၢႆꧦသေ ႁဵတ်းပဵၼ်ပပ်ႉယဝ်ႉ။ ၵႃႈၶၼ်ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ ၼိုင်ႈထဝ်ႇၼၼ်ႉၵေႃႈ တေႃႈဢမ်ႇငၢႆႈꧦ။
`, '\u{A9E7}': `ꧧ
`, '\u{A9E8}': `ꧨ
`, '\u{A9E9}': `ꧩ
`, '\u{A9EA}': `ꧪ
`, '\u{A9EB}': `ꧫ
`, '\u{A9EC}': `ꧬ
`, '\u{A9ED}': `ꧭ
`, '\u{A9EE}': `ꧮ
`, '\u{A9EF}': `ꧯ
`, '\u{A9F0}': `꧰
`, '\u{A9F1}': `꧱
`, '\u{A9F2}': `꧲
`, '\u{A9F3}': `꧳
`, '\u{A9F4}': `꧴
`, '\u{A9F5}': `꧵
`, '\u{A9F6}': `꧶
`, '\u{A9F7}': `꧷
`, '\u{A9F8}': `꧸
`, '\u{A9F9}': `꧹
`, '\u{A9FA}': `ꧺ
`, '\u{A9FB}': `ꧻ
`, '\u{A9FC}': `ꧼ
`, '\u{A9FD}': `ꧽ
`, '\u{A9FE}': `ꧾ
`, // zwsp '\u{200B}': `An invisible character, used to signal line-break and word-break opportunities. It was originally provided for use with writing systems such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, Japanese, etc. that don't use spaces between words.
If justification or text-spacing is applied to text, the gaps opened up between characters in the text being stretched behave as if this code point didn't exist.
For more information about its use in Shan, see:
`, '\u{0028}': `(
Parenthesis.
`, '\u{0029}': `)
Parenthesis.
`, '\u{003F}': `?
Question mark.
`, }