/* */ var charDetails = { // MAIN BLOCK // Use _tools/generate_details_page_stubs.html to generate stubs to go here '\u{0D00}': `

ഀ

Anusvara. Used in certain Prakrit texts, where the ordinary anusvara indicates gemination of the following consonant.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D01}': `

ഁ

A nasalisation marker for use with Sankrit texts. Not used in the contemporary orthography.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D02}': `

ം

m (used at the end of a syllable).

ഹംസം

അളം

`, '\u{0D03}': `

ഃ

ɦ final consonant. May not be pronounced.

ദുഃഖം

അന്തഃപുരം

`, '\u{0D04}': `

ഄ

`, '\u{0D05}': `

അ

a independent vowel.

അകലെ

There is no corresponding dependent vowel, because this is the same sound as the inherent vowel.

`, '\u{0D06}': `

ആ

aː independent vowel.

അയാൾ

`, '\u{0D07}': `

ഇ

i independent vowel.

ഇരിക്ക്

`, '\u{0D08}': `

ഈ

iː independent vowel.

ഈട്ടി

Combinations

Content authors should use this code point and not the sequence 0D07 0D57. The sequence is not canonically equivalent to the atomic character.

`, '\u{0D09}': `

ഉ

u independent vowel.

ഉരുണ്ട

`, '\u{0D0A}': `

ഊ

uː independent vowel.

ഊത

Combinations

Content authors should use this code point and not the sequence 0D09 0D57. The sequence is not canonically equivalent to the atomic character.

`, '\u{0D0B}': `

ഋ

`, '\u{0D0B}': `

ഋ

rɨ vocalic independent vowel.

ഋഷി

`, '\u{0D0C}': `

ഌ

Rare. Used in one Sanskrit word only.

lɨ vocalic independent vowel.

`, '\u{0D0E}': `

എ

e independent vowel.

എങ്ങനെ

`, '\u{0D0F}': `

ഏ

eː independent vowel.

ഏകദേശം

`, '\u{0D10}': `

ഐ

ai̯ independent vowel.

ഐങ്കോൺ

Combinations

Content authors should use this code point and not the sequence 0D0E 0D46. The sequence is not canonically equivalent to the atomic character.

`, '\u{0D12}': `

ഒ

o independent vowel.

ഒട്ടൊക്കെ

Combinations

Content authors should use:

ഓ rather than this code point + 0D3E
ഔ rather than this code point + 0D57

`, '\u{0D13}': `

ഓ

oː independent vowel.

ഓടുക

Combinations

Content authors should use this code point and not the sequence 0D12 0D3E. The sequence is not canonically equivalent to the atomic character.

`, '\u{0D14}': `

ഔ

au̯ independent vowel.

ഔഷധം

Combinations

Content authors should use this code point and not the sequence 0D12 0D57. The sequence is not canonically equivalent to the atomic character.

`, '\u{0D15}': `

ക

k consonant with inherent vowel a.

കണക്ക്

അകലെ

അടിക്ക്

`, '\u{0D16}': `

ഖ

kʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഖനനം

ദുഃഖം

`, '\u{0D17}': `

ഗ

ɡ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഗ്രാമ്പൂ

സ്വാഗതം

അഗ്നി

`, '\u{0D18}': `

ഘ

ɡʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഘനം

നിഘണ്ടു

സംഘം

`, '\u{0D19}': `

ങ

ŋ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഞങ്ങൾ

മാങ്ങ

തിങ്കൾ

`, '\u{0D1A}': `

ച

t͡ʃ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ചലച്ചിത്രം

തടിച്ച

`, '\u{0D1B}': `

ഛ

t͡ʃʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

അച്ഛൻ

ഛർദ്ദി

`, '\u{0D1C}': `

ജ

d͡ʒ/ɟ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ജൂൺ

അനുജത്തി

`, '\u{0D1D}': `

ഝ

d͡ʒʰ/ɟʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഝഷം

`, '\u{0D1E}': `

ഞ

ɲ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഞരമ്പ്

ഞാഞ്ഞൂൽ

`, '\u{0D1F}': `

ട

ʈ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ടൗൺ

വട്ടം

തട്ട്

`, '\u{0D20}': `

ഠ

ʈʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

മിഠായി

മറാഠീ

`, '\u{0D21}': `

ഡ

ɖ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഡിസംബർ

കന്നഡ

ഷഡ്പദം

`, '\u{0D22}': `

ഢ

ɖʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഗൂഢാലോചന

വിഡ്ഢി

`, '\u{0D23}': `

ണ

ɳ consonant with inherent vowel a.

അണലി

ഊണ്

`, '\u{0D24}': `

ത

t̪ consonant with inherent vowel a.

തത്ത

ഊത്

ഊത

`, '\u{0D25}': `

ഥ

t̪ʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഗാഥം

കഥ

`, '\u{0D26}': `

ദ

d̪ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ദുഃഖം

വന്ദനം

റദ്ദ്

`, '\u{0D27}': `

ധ

d̪ʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ധനം

വൃദ്ധൻ

ശ്രദ്ധ

`, '\u{0D28}': `

ന

n̪ consonant with inherent vowel a when initial and single.

n elsewhere when single.

നനഞ്ഞ

പേന

The geminate form can be either, eg.

പന്നി

കന്നി

`, '\u{0D29}': `

ഩ

Archaic.

n consonant with inherent vowel a. Used in scholarly orthographies for transcribing the Malayalam language in a phonetically accurate way.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D2A}': `

പ

p consonant with inherent vowel a.

പകൽ

അപ്പൻ

ഉടുപ്പ്

കമ്പ്

`, '\u{0D2B}': `

ഫ

pʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ആഫീസ്

f consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഫലം

ഫെബ്രുവരി

`, '\u{0D2C}': `

ബ

b consonant with inherent vowel a.

ബുദ്ധി

റബർ

`, '\u{0D2D}': `

ഭ

bʰ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഭാര്യ

അന്യഭാഷ

സഭ

`, '\u{0D2E}': `

മ

m consonant with inherent vowel a.

മടി

തമാശ

An m at the end of a syllable is commonly written with 0D02.

ഹംസം

`, '\u{0D2F}': `

യ

j consonant with inherent vowel a.

യന്ത്രം

വ്യക്തി

അടയ്ക്ക

കയറ്

`, '\u{0D30}': `

ര

r̪ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ചോര

മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര

`, '\u{0D31}': `

റ

r consonant with inherent vowel a.

റബർ

കുറച്ച്

ആറ്

Combinations

റ്റ

tt (geminated) is റ്റ.

മാറ്റം

`, '\u{0D32}': `

ല

l consonant with inherent vowel a.

ലോൺ

നിലാവ്

ഇല

`, '\u{0D33}': `

ള

ɭ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഗുളിക

വെള്ളം

മുള

`, '\u{0D34}': `

ഴ

ɻ consonant with inherent vowel a.

മിഴി

ഏഴ്

ആഴ്ച

`, '\u{0D35}': `

വ

ʋ consonant with inherent vowel a.

വവ്വാൽ

സംഭവം

കടുവ

`, '\u{0D36}': `

ശ

ɕ~ʃ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ശരി

നിശ്ശബ്ദം

തമാശ

`, '\u{0D37}': `

ഷ

ʂ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഷഡ്പദം

അന്യഭാഷ

പക്ഷേ

`, '\u{0D38}': `

സ

s consonant with inherent vowel a.

സംസാരം

കസേര

പറുദീസ

`, '\u{0D39}': `

ഹ

ɦ consonant with inherent vowel a.

ഹാസ്യം

ആഹാരം

`, '\u{0D3A}': `

ഺ

Archaic.

t consonant with inherent vowel a. Used in scholarly orthographies for transcribing the Malayalam language in a phonetically accurate way.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D3B}': `

഻

A specific form of virama found in historical texts, and used to indicate a pure consonant in a particular orthography. See also 0D3C. Not used in the contemporary orthography.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D3C}': `

഼

A specific form of virama found in historical texts, and used to indicate a pure consonant in a particular orthography. See also 0D3B. Not used in the contemporary orthography.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D3D}': `

ഽ

An avagraha for use with Sankrit texts. Not used in the contemporary orthography.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D3E}': `

ാ

aː vowel sign.

അയാൾ

Encoding

In each of the following cases, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
oː	ൊ	0D46 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.
ai̯	ോ	0D47 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.
oː	ഓ	0D12 0D3E	Not canonically equivalent.

`, '\u{0D3F}': `

ി

i vowel sign.

ഇരിക്ക്

`, '\u{0D40}': `

ീ

iː vowel sign.

നീണ്ട

`, '\u{0D41}': `

ു

u vowel sign.

ഉരുണ്ട

`, '\u{0D42}': `

ൂ

uː vowel sign.

മൂന്ന്

`, '\u{0D43}': `

ൃ

rɨ vocalic vowel sign.

മൃഗം

വൃദ്ധൻ

ദൃശ്യം

`, '\u{0D44}': `

ൄ

Very rare. Used to write Sanskrit words in Malayalam script.¹

`, '\u{0D46}': `

െ

e vowel sign.

എങ്ങനെ

Appears to the left of the base consonant, but should be typed after the consonant.

Encoding

In each of the following cases, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
o	ൊ	0D46 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.
au̯	ൌ	0D46 0D57	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.
ai̯	ഐ	0D0E 0D46	Not canonically equivalent.
ai̯	ൈ	0D46 0D46	Not canonically equivalent.

`, '\u{0D47}': `

േ

eː vowel sign.

നേരെ

Appears to the left of the base consonant, but should be typed after the consonant.

Encoding

In the following case, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
oː	ോ	0D47 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.

`, '\u{0D48}': `

ൈ

ai̯ vowel sign.

ചൈന

Appears to the left of the base consonant, but should be typed after the consonant.

Encoding

In the following case, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
ai̯	ൈ	0D46 0D46	Not canonically equivalent.

`, '\u{0D4A}': `

ൊ

o vowel sign.

പൊടി

The two parts appear on either side of the consonant when displayed.

Encoding

In the following case, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
o	ൊ	0D46 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.

`, '\u{0D4B}': `

ോ

oː vowel sign.

എപ്പോൾ

The two parts appear on either side of the consonant when displayed.

Encoding

In the following case, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
oː	ോ	0D47 0D3E	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.

`, '\u{0D4C}': `

ൌ

Archaic. Historic use only.

au̯ vowel sign.

The two parts appear on either side of the consonant when displayed. However, the modern way of writing the vowel sign eliminates the left hand side. You should use the separate code point 0D57 for that, but note that fonts may display this character using only the right-hand glyph. This leads to difficulty in clearly separating the use of these 2 code points.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
au̯	ൌ	0D47 0D57	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.

`, '\u{0D4D}': `

്

Functions as a normal indic virama to indicate conjuncts in consonant clusters, eg. ക്ഷ k͓ʂ ക്ക k͓k പ്പ p͓p

Another function, however, is to reduce vowel sounds, producing the sound known as 'half-u' or samvruthokaram, ie. ə~ɨ̆.

In traditional orthography this is produced using 0D41 with a virama above, eg.

പാലു്

In modern orthography it is produced using the chandrakkala above a vowel or a consonant, in which case it reduces the vowel or the inherent vowel to ə, eg.

കട്ടയാക്

എ്ന്നാ

ഐശീല്ം

Note that the first example in the previous paragraph uses the chandrakkala in both ways. The 2nd example shows the chandrakkala before the anusvara, which is normal.

`, '\u{0D4E}': `

ൎ

Archaic. Used before the 1970s reform.

Repha.

`, '\u{0D4F}': `

൏

Archaic.

Measure of rice.

`, '\u{0D54}': `

ൔ

m Chillu consonant. Rarely used, and only in historical documents.u,#G697705

`, '\u{0D55}': `

ൕ

j Chillu consonant. Rarely used, and only in historical documents.u,#G697705

`, '\u{0D56}': `

ൖ

Chillu consonant. Rarely used, and only in historical documents.u,#G697705

`, '\u{0D57}': `

ൗ

au̯

ടൗൺ

Although this is originally an indicator of vowel length, it has been used for some time as the normal way to write the sound au̯.

Previously, that sound was represented by a vowel sign that surrounded the base character. If you want to use that form in your text you should use ൌ [U+0D4C MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU].

Combinations

Content authors should use:

ൌ [U+0D4C MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU] rather than െ [U+0D46 MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E] + this code point.
ഈ [U+0D08 MALAYALAM LETTER II] rather than ഇ [U+0D07 MALAYALAM LETTER I] + this code point
ഊ [U+0D0A MALAYALAM LETTER UU] rather than ഉ [U+0D09 MALAYALAM LETTER U] + this code point
ഔ [U+0D14 MALAYALAM LETTER AU] rather than ഒ [U+0D12 MALAYALAM LETTER O] + this code point

`, '\u{0D57}': `

ൗ

au̯ vowel sign.

ടൗൺ

Although this was originally an indicator of vowel length, it has been used for some time as the normal way to write the sound au̯.

Previously, that sound was represented by a vowel sign that surrounded the base character. If you want to use that form in your text you should use 0D4C, however the font may hide the left-hand part from display (as is the case here).

Encoding

In each of the following cases, the atomic character should be used, rather than the sequence.

IPA	Use	Don't use	Notes
au̯	ൌ	0D46 0D57	Canonically equivalent, but sequence only found in decomposed text.
iː	ഈ	0D07 0D57	Not canonically equivalent.
uː	ഊ	0D09 0D57	Not canonically equivalent.
au̯	ഔ	0D12 0D57	Not canonically equivalent.

`, '\u{0D58}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D59}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5A}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5B}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5C}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5D}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5E}': `

Archaic.

Fraction.

`, '\u{0D5F}': `

ൟ

Archaic. Represents an older form of the letter II.u16,#G697705

`, '\u{0D60}': `

ൠ

Very rare. Used to write Sanskrit words in Malayalam script.

rɨː vocalic independent vowel.

`, '\u{0D61}': `

ൡ

Very rare. Used to write Sanskrit words in Malayalam script.

lɨː vocalic independent vowel.

`, '\u{0D62}': `

ൢ

Very rare. Used to write Sanskrit words in Malayalam script.

lɨ vocalic vowel sign.

കൢപ്തം

`, '\u{0D63}': `

ൣ

Very rare. Used to write Sanskrit words in Malayalam script.

lɨː vocalic vowel sign.

`, '\u{0D66}': `

൦

Infrequent.

0 digit.

`, '\u{0D67}': `

൧

Infrequent.

1 digit.

`, '\u{0D68}': `

൨

Infrequent.

2 digit.

`, '\u{0D69}': `

൩

Infrequent.

3 digit.

`, '\u{0D6A}': `

൪

Infrequent.

4 digit.

`, '\u{0D6B}': `

൫

Infrequent.

5 digit.

`, '\u{0D6C}': `

൬

Infrequent.

6 digit.

`, '\u{0D6D}': `

൭

Infrequent.

7 digit.

`, '\u{0D6E}': `

൮

Infrequent.

8 digit.

`, '\u{0D6F}': `

൯

Infrequent.

9 digit.

`, '\u{0D70}': `

൰

Archaic.

Number sign for 10.

`, '\u{0D71}': `

൱

Archaic.

Number sign for 100.

`, '\u{0D72}': `

൲

Archaic.

Number sign for 1,000.

`, '\u{0D73}': `

൳

Archaic.

Fraction ¼.

`, '\u{0D74}': `

൴

Archaic.

Fraction ½.

`, '\u{0D75}': `

൵

Archaic.

Fraction ¾.

`, '\u{0D76}': `

൶

Archaic.

Fraction 1/16.

`, '\u{0D77}': `

൷

Archaic.

Fraction ⅛.

`, '\u{0D78}': `

൸

Archaic.

Fraction 3/16.

`, '\u{0D79}': `

൹

Can be used like the 'th' in English dates, but it use is fading in modern text.u,507

`, '\u{0D7A}': `

ൺ

ɳ chillu consonant.

ജൂൺ

ബ്രിട്ടൺ

`, '\u{0D7B}': `

ൻ

n chillu consonant.

ഈറൻ

പെൻസിൽ

`, '\u{0D7C}': `

ർ

r chillu consonant.

ഇവർ

അതിർത്തി

`, '\u{0D7D}': `

ൽ

l chillu consonant.

കടൽ

കാൽവിരൽ

`, '\u{0D7E}': `

ൾ

ɭ chillu consonant.

തിങ്കൾ

കേൾക്ക്

`, '\u{0D7F}': `

ൿ

k chillu consonant.

`, // COMMON PUNCTUATION '\u{0964}': `

ൿ

Separates phrases in older texts.

`, '\u{0965}': `

ൿ

Separates phrases in older texts.

`, '\u{200C}':`

‌U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (ZWNJ) placed after the chandrakkala can be used to force the production of a visible virama, rather than a conjunct form. For example, ക്‌ക [U+0D15 MALAYALAM LETTER KA + U+0D4D MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA + U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER + U+0D15 MALAYALAM LETTER KA] produces ക്‌ക, rather than ക്ക.

Uniquely to Malayalam, placing the ZWNJ before the chandrakkala is supposed to produce the modern 'open' form of the conjunct in fonts that would otherwise produce a traditional conjunct, eg. ക‌്ര [U+0D15 MALAYALAM LETTER KA + U+200C ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER + U+0D4D MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA + U+0D30 MALAYALAM LETTER RA] should produce the form ക്ര.

`, '\u{200D}':`

‍U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER (ZWJ) can be used before the chandrakkala to produce a traditional conjunct form in fonts that produce the open form by default but have the glyphs for the traditional forms too.

ZWJ used after the chandrakkala may produce a chillu form (eg. ക്‍ [U+0D15 MALAYALAM LETTER KA + U+0D4D MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA + U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER]), but this approach is now deprecated in favour of using the chillu codepoints.

`, '\u{0021}': `

Exclamation mark.

`, '\u{0028}': `

(

Parenthesis.

`, '\u{0029}': `

)

Parenthesis.

`, '\u{002C}': `

Comma.

`, '\u{002E}': `

Full stop.

`, '\u{003A}': `

Colon.

`, '\u{003B}': `

;

Semicolon.

`, '\u{003F}': `

Question mark.

`, '\u{2018}': `

‘

Quotation mark.

`, '\u{2019}': `

’

Quotation mark.

`, '\u{201C}': `

“

Quotation mark.

`, '\u{201D}': `

”

Quotation mark.

`, }