ऀ
`, '\u{0901}': `ँ
◌̃ nasalisation.
मुँह
वाँदुर
`, '\u{0902}': `
ं
m n ŋ representing a nasal that is homorganic with a following consonant, and positioned over the previous consonant or vowel-sign, eg. अंब ॳंजीर अंग
`, '\u{0903}': `ः
`, '\u{0904}': `ऄ
`, '\u{0905}': `अ
aː independent vowel.
अंब
`, '\u{0906}': `
आ
aː independent vowel.
आब
`, '\u{0907}': `
इ
i independent vowel.
इशटाम
`, '\u{0908}': `
ई
iː independent vowel.
ईमान
`, '\u{0909}': `
उ
u independent vowel.
उजरथ
`, '\u{090A}': `
ऊ
uː independent vowel.
ऊतरॖ
`, '\u{090B}': `
ऋ
ri vocalic independent vowel.
ऋग्वेद
`, '\u{090C}': `
ऌ
`, '\u{090D}': `ऍ
`, '\u{090E}': `ऎ
e independent vowel.
ऎहसान
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0947 02BC was used for this sound.
`, '\u{090F}': `ए
eː independent vowel.
एतिराज़
`, '\u{0910}': `
ऐ
əĭ eg. ऐब
`, '\u{0910}': `ऐ
əĭ independent vowel.
ऐब
`, '\u{0911}': `
ऑ
Use ॴ [U+0974 DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE] instead.
`, '\u{0911}': `ऑ
Archaic. Incorrect in modern use. Was əː independent vowel.
Use ॴ instead.
`, '\u{0912}': `
ऒ
o independent vowel.
ऒन
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 094B 02BC was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0913}': `ओ
oː independent vowel.
ओट
`, '\u{0914}': `
औ
əŭ independent vowel.
औशद
`, '\u{0915}': `
क
k consonant with inherent vowel ə.
कपुर
अहोक
Combinations
क्ष
kʂ is क्ष (rare) Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans.
`, '\u{0916}': `
ख
kʰ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
खबर
आख
`, '\u{0917}': `
ग
ɡ eg. गरॖ ज़ंग
`, '\u{0917}': `ग
ɡ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
गरॖ
ज़ंग
`, '\u{0918}': `
घ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents a gʱ consonant.
`, '\u{0919}': `
ङ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents a ŋ consonant.
`, '\u{091A}': `
च
t͡ʃ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
चीर
पाचि
Combinations
च़
t͡s is च़
च़ेर
मच़र
`, '\u{091B}': `छ
t͡ʃʰ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
छान
ॳछ
Combinations
छ़
t͡sʰ is छ़
छ़्यतॖ
गछ़ुन
`, '\u{091C}': `ज
d͡ʒ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
जान
मऻज
Combinations
ज़
z is ज़
ज़ंग
औज़ार
दऺज़
ज्ञ
ɡj is ज्ञ (rare) Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans.
`, '\u{091D}': `
झ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents ɟʰ consonant.
`, '\u{091E}': `
ञ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents n consonant.
Combinations
ज्ञ
ɡj is ज्ञ (rare) Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans.
`, '\u{091F}': `
ट
ʈ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
टमाटर
ओट
`, '\u{0920}': `
ठ
ʈʰ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
ठानॖ
च़ूंठ
`, '\u{0921}': `
ड
ɖ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
डख
यड
`, '\u{0922}': `
ढ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents ɖʱ consonant.
`, '\u{0923}': `
ण
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents ɳ consonant.
`, '\u{0924}': `
त
t consonant with inherent vowel ə.
ताफ
मॊत
`, '\u{0925}': `
थ
tʰ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
थऺन्य्
पूथ
`, '\u{0926}': `
द
d consonant with inherent vowel ə.
दॊह
अबॊद
`, '\u{0927}': `
ध
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents dʱ consonant.
`, '\u{0928}': `
न
n consonant with inherent vowel ə.
नस
तोलुन
`, '\u{0929}': `
ऩ
`, '\u{092A}': `प
p consonant with inherent vowel ə.
पूथ
कपुर
`, '\u{092B}': `
फ
pʰ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
फिरन
ताफ
`, '\u{092C}': `
ब
b consonant with inherent vowel ə.
बाज़र
रबाब
`, '\u{092D}': `
भ
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents bʱ consonant.
`, '\u{092E}': `
म
m consonant with inherent vowel ə.
मोर
कोम
`, '\u{092F}': `
य
j consonant with inherent vowel ə, or a palatalisation marker when following another consonant with no vowel, though that usage is often accompanied by a visible virama (see below).
यकजा
दॊहय
Combinations
य्
ʲ is य् A palatalisation marker.
ख्यावुन
पंजऻब्य
थऺन्य्
See also Palatalisation.
`, '\u{0930}': `र
r consonant with inherent vowel ə.
रफतार
Shaping
Kashmiri uses the same special conjunct shapes for this letter as Hindi. See Conjuncts with RA for more details. Examples of Kashmiri words:
दर्शुन
प्रागाश
द्रोंठ
त्राम
Note how this also applies before a patalisation marker:
यपऻर्य
`, '\u{0931}': `ऱ
`, '\u{0932}': `ल
l consonant with inherent vowel ə.
लऻर
मोल
`, '\u{0933}': `
ळ
`, '\u{0934}': `ऴ
`, '\u{0935}': `व
ʋ~w consonant with inherent vowel ə.
वऺरी
वालुन
वाँगुन
छ़ावुल
त्रावुन
`, '\u{0936}': `
श
ʃ consonant with inherent vowel ə.
शाल
दर्शुन
पम्पोश
`, '\u{0937}': `ष
Rare. Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans, only. Often replaced with one of the consonants used for Kashmiri sounds.
Represents ʂ consonant.
ऋॆष्य्
तृष्ना
Combinations
क्ष
kʂ is क्ष (rare) Spellings retained in Sanskrit loans.
`, '\u{0938}': `
स
s consonant with inherent vowel ə.
सॖह
ॴस
`, '\u{0939}': `
ह
h consonant with inherent vowel ə.
हिन्दोस्तान
बहार
कॏह
`, '\u{093A}': `ऺ
ə vowel sign.
च़ऺर
दऺज़
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, 0945, introduced in 2002, was used for this sound. Prior to that, 093D was used.
`, '\u{093B}': `ऻ
əː vowel sign.
मऻज
पंजऻब्य
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, 0949, introduced in 2002, was used for this sound.
`, '\u{093C}': `़
Consonant modifier. Used to create 3 additional letters for Kashmiri.
Combinations
च़
t͡s is च़
च़ऺर
छ़
t͡sʰ is छ़
छ़ावुल
ज़
z is ज़
ज़मानॖ
`, '\u{093D}': `ऽ
Archaic.
Vowel sign.
`, '\u{093E}': `ा
aː vowel sign.
राथ
अतलास
`, '\u{093F}': `
ि
i vowel sign.
बिचोर
हॆलि
`, '\u{0940}': `
ी
iː vowel sign.
शीन
सिरी
`, '\u{0941}': `
ु
u vowel sign.
मुँह
कॉशुर
`, '\u{0942}': `
ू
uː vowel sign.
ज़ून
च़ूंठ
`, '\u{0943}': `
ृ
ri vocalic vowel sign with inherent vowel ə.
पृतख
`, '\u{0944}': `
ॄ
`, '\u{0945}': `ॅ
Archaic. Incorrect in modern use.
Represents ə vowel sign.
Use 093A instead.
`, '\u{0946}': `ॆ
e vowel sign.
रॆह
त्रॆ
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0947 02BC was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0947}': `े
eː vowel sign.
केलॖ
येर
`, '\u{0948}': `
ै
əĭ vowel sign.
हैबुंगॖ
वैकुंठ
`, '\u{0949}': `
ॉ
Archaic. Incorrect in modern use.
Represents əː vowel sign.
Use 093B instead.
`, '\u{094A}': `ॊ
o vowel sign.
दॊह
अबॊद
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 094B 02BC was used for this sound.
`, '\u{094B}': `ो
oː vowel sign.
पोश
पम्पोश
`, '\u{094C}': `
ौ
əŭ vowel sign.
गौ
चौंखॖरुन
`, '\u{094D}': `
्
Suppresses the inherent vowel, and causes conjunct formation in consonant clusters.
However, it is not always used for consonant clusters, eg.
अतलास
रफतार
On the other hand, it is often seen in Kashmiri words that end with palatalisation, eg.
हून्
ऋॆष्य्
`, '\u{094E}': `ॎ
`, '\u{094F}': `ॏ
ɔː vowel sign.
मॏल
ओबरॏय
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, 0935 was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0950}': `ॐ
`, '\u{0951}': `॑
`, '\u{0952}': `॒
`, '\u{0953}': `॓
`, '\u{0954}': `॔
`, '\u{0955}': `ॕ
`, '\u{0956}': `ॖ
ɨ vowel sign.
च़ॖ
केलॖ
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0945 0941 was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0957}': `ॗ
ɨː vowel sign.
कॗत्य्
पॖंच़ॗह
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0945 0942 was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0958}': `क
`, '\u{0959}': `ख
`, '\u{095A}': `ग
`, '\u{095B}': `ज
z Although canonically equivalent, Unicode recommends using the decomposition ज़ [U+091C DEVANAGARI LETTER JA + U+093C DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA] rather than this precomposed character, because normalisation doesn't compose the latter.
`, '\u{095B}': `ज़
Infrequent.
z precomposed consonant with inherent vowel ə. Although canonically equivalent, Unicode recommends using the decomposition 091C 093C rather than this precomposed character, because normalisation doesn't compose the latter.
`, '\u{095C}': `
ड
`, '\u{095D}': `ढ
`, '\u{095E}': `फ
`, '\u{095F}': `य
`, '\u{0960}': `ॠ
`, '\u{0961}': `ॡ
`, '\u{0962}': `ॢ
`, '\u{0963}': `ॣ
`, '\u{0964}': `।
Section divider.
`, '\u{0965}': `॥
Section divider.
`, '\u{0966}': `०
0 digit.
`, '\u{0967}': `१
1 digit.
`, '\u{0968}': `२
2 digit.
`, '\u{0969}': `३
3 digit.
`, '\u{096A}': `४
4 digit.
`, '\u{096B}': `५
5 digit.
`, '\u{096C}': `६
6 digit.
`, '\u{096D}': `७
7 digit.
`, '\u{096E}': `८
8 digit.
`, '\u{096F}': `९
9 digit.
`, '\u{0970}': `॰
`, '\u{0971}': `ॱ
`, '\u{0972}': `ॲ
Archaic. Incorrect in modern use.
Represented ə independent vowel.
Use 0973 instead.
`, '\u{0973}': `ॳ
ə independent vowel.
ॳछ
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, ॲ, introduced in 2002, was used for this sound. Prior to that, ऽ was used.
`, '\u{0974}': `ॴ
əː independent vowel.
ॴर
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, ऑ, introduced in 2002, was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0975}': `ॵ
ɔː independent vowel.
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2009. Prior to that, व, introduced in 2002, was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0976}': `ॶ
ɨ independent vowel.
ॶंह-रारय
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0945 0941 was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0977}': `ॷ
ɨː eg. ॷठिम
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, ॅू [U+0945 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E + U+0942 DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU] was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0977}': `ॷ
ɨː independent vowel.
ॷठिम
Archaic forms
This grapheme was introduced in the reform of 2002. Prior to that, 0945 0942 was used for this sound.
`, '\u{0978}': `ॸ
`, '\u{0979}': `ॹ
`, '\u{097A}': `ॺ
`, '\u{097B}': `ॻ
`, '\u{097C}': `ॼ
`, '\u{097D}': `ॽ
`, '\u{097E}': `ॾ
`, '\u{097F}': `ॿ
`, }