а
a eg. цас
Combinations
aː is аа [U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. цаас харандаа
u̯a is уа [U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. хуаран
ɛː is ай [U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. баяртай
jaː is яа [U+044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. яаж
See also я [U+044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA].
`, '\u{0431}': `б
b bʲ, mostly used in word-initial position or after one of л [U+043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL], м [U+043C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM] or б [U+0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE]gov, eg. будан халбага
Sometimes transcribed as p.
`, '\u{0432}': `в
v ~ w̜ eg. вино аав
f sometimes in cluster-initial position, eg. навч
Usually only word-initial in foreign words.gov
`, '\u{0433}': `г
ɡ in words with +ATR (front/feminine) vowels (үэө)wc, eg. өргөн
ɢ in words with −ATR (back/masculine) vowels (уоа) unless it occurs in syllable-final positionwc, eg. монгол
-k normally in syllable-final positionbat,11, eg. өндөг
A final vowel is usually not pronounced, but causes pronunciation to remain ɡbat,11, eg. өнгө халбага
`, '\u{0434}': `д
d eg. дэр
-t occurs in syllable-final positionbat,11, eg. гадаад
Sometimes transcribed as t.
`, '\u{0435}': `е
jɵ eg. ес
Following a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalised.
`, '\u{0436}': `ж
d͡ʒ eg. жаал
Sometimes transcribed as t͡ʃ.
`, '\u{0437}': `з
d͡z eg. зун
Sometimes transcribed as t͡s or z.
`, '\u{0438}': `и
i eg. жижиг
Combinations
iː is ий [U+0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. лийр
i̯a is иа [U+0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. амиараа
`, '\u{0439}': `й
Used for diphthongs.
Also makes the long iː sound, eg. тийм
`, '\u{043A}': `к
k as a loan consonant, but often adopted into the Mongolian sound system as x, eg. кофе
`, '\u{043B}': `л
ɮ eg. лийр
`, '\u{043C}': `м
m eg. мөс
`, '\u{043D}': `н
n eg. намар
ŋ sometimes when used as syllable-finalbat,11, eg. будан мөнгө
A final vowel is usually not pronounced, but causes pronunciation to remain nbat,11, eg. энэ чоно
`, '\u{043E}': `о
ɔ eg. хол
Combinations
oː is оо [U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O + U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O], eg. хоосон
ɔi̯ is ой [U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. ойлгосон
jɔː is ёо [U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO + U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O], eg. ёотон
See also ё [U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO].
`, '\u{043F}': `п
p for foreign loan words, eg. пүүжин
Sometimes transcribed as pʰ.
`, '\u{0440}': `р
r eg. ширээ
Mongolians find words beginning with r difficult to pronounce, and so put a vowel at the beginningbat,11, eg. орос
`, '\u{0441}': `с
s eg. саваа
`, '\u{0442}': `т
t tʲ eg. тийм
Sometimes transcribed as tʰ.
`, '\u{0443}': `у
ʊ eg. утас
As a short vowel, it appears only in the first syllable (but can appear later as part of a long vowel or diphthong).bat,14
Combinations
ʊː is уу [U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U + U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U], eg. уугуул
ʊi̯ is уй [U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. дугуй
u̯a is уа [U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. хуаран
jʊː is юу [U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU + U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U], eg. юу
See also ю [U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU].
`, '\u{0444}': `ф
f for foreign loan words, but often pronounced pʰ, eg. фабрик
`, '\u{0445}': `х
x eg. хөөрхөн
`, '\u{0446}': `ц
t͡s eg. цас
Sometimes transcribed as t͡sʰ.
`, '\u{0447}': `ч
t͡ʃ eg. чих
Sometimes transcribed as t͡ʃʰ.
`, '\u{0448}': `ш
ʃ eg. ширээ
`, '\u{0449}': `щ
ʃ in Russian words.
`, '\u{044A}': `ъ
Only used to separate я [U+044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA] and ё [U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO] from a -ATR (back) verb stem ending with a consonant4, eg. явъя явъя let's go уулзъя уулзъя let's meet бодъё бодъё let's think
`, '\u{044B}': `ы
i used only in suffixes of masculine words (ie. containing а, о, or у)gov, eg. таны
Not used in uppercase. Cannot begin a word.
`, '\u{044C}': `ь
Different descriptions appear.
ʲ or sometimes nothing, eg. арьс амьтан
In non-phonetic transcriptions it may appear as ĭbat,4 or ʲwc.
Not used in uppercase. Cannot begin a word.
Does one of two things:
э
e eg. ээмэр
Combinations
eː is ээ [U+044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E + U+044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E], eg. ээж
ei̯ is эй [U+044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. эмэгтэй
See also е [U+0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE].
`, '\u{044E}': `ю
jʊ ju eg. юу
Unlike other ioticised vowels, this letter represents both the front and back vowels.
Following a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalised.
Combinations
juː is юү [U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU + U+04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U], eg. ширээ юү?
jʊː is юу [U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU + U+0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U], eg. юу
`, '\u{044F}': `я
ja eg. яс
Following a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalised.
Combinations
jaː is яа [U+044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA + U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A], eg. яаж
`, '\u{0451}': `ё
jɔ eg. хоёр
Following a consonant it indicates that the consonant is palatalised.
Combinations
jɔː is ёо [U+0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO + U+043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O], eg. ёотон
`, '\u{04AF}': `ү
u eg. хүн
As a short vowel, it appears only in the first syllable (but can appear later as part of a long vowel or diphthong).bat,14
Combinations
uː is үү [U+04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U + U+04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U], eg. сүү
ui̯ is үй [U+04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U + U+0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I], eg. бүйлс
juː is юү [U+044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU + U+04AF CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U], eg. ширээ юү?
`, '\u{04E9}': `ө
ɵ o eg. өндөг
Combinations
oː is ɵɵ [U+0275 LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O + U+0275 LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O], eg. өөрөө
`, // COMMON PUNCTUATION // ".. '\u{201C}': `“
`, // .." '\u{201D}': ` `, // '.. '\u{2018}': ` `, // ..' '\u{2019}': ` `, // « '\u{00AB}': ` `, // » '\u{00BB}': ` `, // ; '\u{003B}': ` `, // : '\u{003A}': ` `, // . '\u{002E}': ` `, // ? '\u{003F}': ` `, // ! '\u{0021}': ` `, // ( '\u{0028}': ` `, // ) '\u{0029}': ` `, // … '\u{2026}': ` `, // – '\u{2013}': ` `, // — '\u{2014}': ` `, // § '\u{00A7}': ` `, '\u{002C}': `,
Comma.
`, '\u{002D}': `-
Hyphen.
`, '\u{0306}': `̆
Rare. Found in decomposed text only.
Diacritic.
Combinations
ɛː is АЙ
`, '\u{0308}': `
̈
Rare. Found in decomposed text only.
Diacritic.
`, '\u{0401}': `Ё
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0410}': `А
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0411}': `Б
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0412}': `В
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0413}': `Г
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0414}': `Д
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0415}': `Е
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0416}': `Ж
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0417}': `З
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0418}': `И
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0419}': `Й
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041A}': `К
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041B}': `Л
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041C}': `М
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041D}': `Н
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041E}': `О
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{041F}': `П
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0420}': `Р
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0421}': `С
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0422}': `Т
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0423}': `У
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0424}': `Ф
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0425}': `Х
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0426}': `Ц
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0427}': `Ч
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0428}': `Ш
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{0429}': `Щ
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{042D}': `Э
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{042E}': `Ю
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{042F}': `Я
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{04AE}': `Ү
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{04E8}': `Ө
See lowercase for details.
`, '\u{201E}': `„
Quotation mark.
`, // CURRENCY '\u{20AE}': `₮
Currency symbol for the Mongolian unit of currency, the tugrik, formerly subdivided into 100 möngö. The standard abbreviation is MNT.
`, }