/* */ var charDetails = { // MAIN BLOCK // Use _tools/generate_details_page_stubs.html to generate stubs to go here '\u{1B00}': `

Infrequent.

-m final consonant.

When combined with certain syllables this sign becomes part of the Aksara Modre, or holy letters, which are used to write words in Sanskrit, usually part of prayers. This character only appears in Sanskrit texts, eg. ᬰᬶᬤ᭄ᬥᬀ siddham

`, '\u{1B01}': `

Infrequent.

final consonant.

When combined with certain syllables this sign becomes part of the Aksara Modre, or holy letters, which are used to write words in Sanskrit, usually part of prayers, eg. ᬫᬁ

-m Over ulu candra this creates the letter ongkara, which is the symbol of God, ᬒᬁ and is transcribed om, eg. ᬒᬁᬲ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬬᬲ᭄ᬢᬸ

`, '\u{1B02}': `

word-final consonant, eg. ᬯᬢᬂ

Usually only appears at the end of a word, unless the word involves repetition or is a compound, eg. ᬘᬾᬂᬘᬾᬂ

`, '\u{1B03}': `

-r syllable-final consonant. Unlike most Brahmi-derived scripts, to represent a Balinese ra that starts a sequence of consonants without intervening vowels this character is used over the preceding syllable, eg. ᬓᬃᬡ

The Kawi form of the script used a repha glyph in the same way as many Brahmic scripts do. However, because many syllables end in -r in the Balinese language, this written form was changed.

`, '\u{1B04}': `

-h word-final consonant, eg. ᬤᬯᬸᬄ

Only appears at the end of a word, unless the word involves repetition or is a compound, eg. ᬢᬶᬫᬄᬧᬸᬢᬶᬄ

`, '\u{1B05}': `

a- (the sound of the inherent vowel) Independent vowels are usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬅᬯᬢᬵᬭ

Sometimes this vowel can be found as a support for vowel signs, but this is incorrect usage according to Sudewa, and should be avoided. The preferred carrier is .

`, '\u{1B06}': `

ɑː- an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ

`, '\u{1B07}': `

i- an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭᬬ

`, '\u{1B08}': `

iː- an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word.

`, '\u{1B09}': `

u an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬉᬱᬥ

`, '\u{1B0A}': `

uː- an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word.

`, '\u{1B0B}': `

vocalic, eg. ᬋᬤᬶᬢᬾ

Balinese doesn't use the vowel-sign for the sound . Instead it uses this ra repa vocalic.

Ra repa at the beginning of a syllable is treated as a consonant. When it follows a syllable-final consonant letter that has no following vowel, a conjoined form is used, eg. ᬧᬓ᭄ᬋᬋᬄ

When ra repa appears in medial position, ie. the second consonant in a syllable-initial cluster, the vocalic vowel-sign is used, eg. ᬓᬺᬰ᭄ᬡ

`, '\u{1B0C}': `

rəː long vocalic.

`, '\u{1B0D}': `

vocalic, eg. ᬚᭂᬍᬫ

`, '\u{1B0E}': `

ləː long vocalic.

`, '\u{1B0F}': `

e an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬏᬓ

`, '\u{1B10}': `

aːi an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬐᬃᬱᬡ᭄ᬬ

Observation: Sudewa says that this is identical to the consonant jha, but in the Unicode charts and elsewhere the top right of airsania and jha is slightly different.

`, '\u{1B11}': `

o ɔ an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬑᬱᬥᬶ

`, '\u{1B12}': `

aːu an independent vowel, usually found only at the beginning of a word, eg. ᬒᬁᬲ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬬᬲ᭄ᬢᬸ

`, '\u{1B13}': `

k consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬓᬦ

ᬘᭂᬦᬶᬓ᭄

ᬦᬗ᭄ᬓ

Combinations

ᬓ᬴

x is ᬓ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B14}': `

k honorific consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Very rare in Balinese. This letter is apparently borrowed from Javanese.

`, '\u{1B15}': `

ɡ consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬕᬦ

ᬅᬗ᭄ᬕᬭ

Combinations

ᬕ᬴

ɣ is ᬕ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B16}': `

ɡ kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬖᭀᬭ ᬲᬗ᭄ᬖ

`, '\u{1B17}': `

ŋ consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬅᬗᬶᬦ᭄

ᬗᬾᬮᬄ

ᬲᬗ᭄ᬖ

Combinations

ᬗ᬴

ʔ is ᬗ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B18}': `

t͡ʃ consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬘᭂᬦᬶᬓ᭄

ᬳᬶᬘ

`, '\u{1B19}': `

t͡ʃ honorific consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Very rare in Balinese.

This letter is apparently borrowed from Javanese. Only the subjoined form of this letter is used, and it is always paired with the normal form of ca.

`, '\u{1B1A}': `

d͡ʒ consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬚᭂᬍᬫ

ᬭᬵᬚ

Combinations

ᬚ᬴

z is ᬚ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B1B}': `

d͡ʒ honorific consonant with inherent vowel a.

Seems to be known from only one word, ᬦᬶᬃᬛᬭ

It is possible that an original ai may have been lost in Balinese, to be replaced by the glyph for this character.

Observation: Sudewa says that this is identical to the independent vowel airsania, but in the Unicode charts and elsewhere the top right of airsania airsania and jha is slightly different.

`, '\u{1B1C}': `

ɲ eg. ᬩᬜᬸ ᬯ᭄ᬬᬜ᭄ᬚᬦ

`, '\u{1B1C}': `

ɲ consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬜᬸᬄ

ᬩᬜᬸ

ᬩᭂᬜ᭄ᬘᬦ

`, '\u{1B1D}': `

t consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬦᬵᬝ ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝ

`, '\u{1B1E}': `

t honorific consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used for writing Sanskrit loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬑᬱ᭄ᬞ᭄ᬬ

`, '\u{1B1F}': `

d honorific consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used for writing Sanskrit loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words.

ᬘᬡ᭄ᬟᬶ

`, '\u{1B20}': `

d honorific consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used for writing Sanskrit loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words.

`, '\u{1B21}': `

n kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words.

ᬓᬃᬡ

ᬓᬺᬰ᭄ᬡ

ᬅᬡ᭄ᬥ

`, '\u{1B22}': `

t consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬢᬭᬵ

ᬰᬦ᭄ᬢᬶ

`, '\u{1B23}': `

t kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬣᬦᬶ ᬅᬲ᭄ᬣ

`, '\u{1B24}': `

d consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬤᬍᬫ᭄

ᬅᬦ᭄ᬤ

Combinations

ᬤ᬴

ɖ is ᬤ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B25}': `

d kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬥᬦ ᬅᬦ᭄ᬥ

`, '\u{1B26}': `

n consonant with inherent vowel a ə. eg. ᬦᬭ ᬭᬢ᭄ᬦ

`, '\u{1B27}': `

p consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬧᬤ

ᬢᬶᬫ᭄ᬧᬮ᭄

Combinations

ᬧ᬴

f is ᬧ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬩᬮᬶᬕ᭄ᬭᬧ᬴ᬶ

`, '\u{1B28}': `

p kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬨᬮ

`, '\u{1B29}': `

b consonant with inherent vowel a ə. eg. ᬩᬜᬸ ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ

`, '\u{1B2A}': `

b kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬪᬵᬱᬵ ᬪᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ

`, '\u{1B2B}': `

m consonant with inherent vowel a ə. ᬫᬵᬦᬯ ᬲ᭄ᬫᬭ

`, '\u{1B2C}': `

j consonant with inherent vowel a ə. ᬬᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ ᬫᬵᬬ

Also used for the semi-vowel/medial consonant nania, eg. ᬓᬭ᭄ᬬ

When used medially, it can also follow another medial ra or la, eg. ᬩ᭄ᬭ᭄ᬬᬕ᭄

Refs: [1] The Balinese Alphabet [Sudewa] [2] Balinese Script [Wikipedia]

`, '\u{1B2D}': `

r consonant with inherent vowel a ə. ᬭᬵᬚ ᬲᬸᬭ

Also used for the semi-vowel/medial consonant guwung, eg. ᬓ᭄ᬭᬫ ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ

When used medially, it can also be followed by another medial ya or wa, eg. ᬩ᭄ᬭ᭄ᬬᬕ᭄

Ra is not used with or . Instead use or , respectively, eg. ᬓᭂᬋᬂ

`, '\u{1B2E}': `

l consonant with inherent vowel a ə. ᬩᬮᬶ ᬓᬧᬮ᭄

Also used for the semi-vowel/medial consonant gantungan la, eg. ᬳᬂᬓ᭄ᬮᬸᬂ

When used medially, it can also be followed by another medial ya or wa.

La is not used with or . Instead use or , respectively, eg. ᬢᬍᬃ

`, '\u{1B2F}': `

w eg. ᬯᬮᬸ ᬤᬾᬯ ᬯ᭄ᬯᬭ

Also used for the semi-vowel/medial consonant suku kembung, eg. ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ

When used medially, it can follow another medial ra or la.

`, '\u{1B2F}': `

w consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬯᬮᬸ

ᬤᬾᬯ

ᬯ᭄ᬯᬭ

Also used for the semi-vowel/medial consonant suku kembung, eg. ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ

When used medially, it can follow another medial ra or la.

Combinations

ᬯ᬴

v is ᬯ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B30}': `

s kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬰᬢ ᬤᬵᬰ ᬅᬗ᭄ᬰ

`, '\u{1B31}': `

s kawi consonant with inherent vowel a ə. Used to write Kawi loan words, rather than ordinary Balinese words, eg. ᬱᬫ᭄ᬧᬶᬂ ᬪᬵᬱᬵ ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ

`, '\u{1B32}': `

s consonant with inherent vowel a ə. ᬲᬭᬶ ᬩᬢᬶᬲ᭄ ᬧᬓ᭄ᬲ

Note that the conjoined form adds a u-like glyph below the previous consonant.

`, '\u{1B33}': `

h consonant with inherent vowel a ə.

ᬢᬳᬸ

ᬭᬳᬶᬦ

a~ə as a standalone vowel with the same sound as the inherent vowel.

ᬳᬤᬦ᭄

ᬳᬮᬲ᭄

as a carrier for standalone vowels, eg. ᬤᬳᬾᬭᬄ ᬚᬳᬸᬫ᭄

It can be ambiguous as to whether this glyph represents the sound h or is used as a carrier for a vowel, eg. compare ᬳᬶᬕ ᬳᬶᬕᭂᬮ᭄

The vowels 1B42 and 1B43 have no independent form, so they are always represented with ha plus vowel sign. Other standalone vowels may be represented by an independent vowel character at the beginning of a word.

Combinations

ᬳ᬴

ħ is ᬳ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬳᬶ

i is ᬳᬶ

ᬳᬷ

is ᬳᬷ

ᬳᬸ

u is ᬳᬸ

ᬳᬹ

is ᬳᬹ

ᬳᬾ

e ɛ is ᬳᬾ

ᬳᭀ

o ɔ is ᬳᭀ

ᬳᭂ

ə is ᬳᭂ

ᬳᭃ

əː is ᬳᭃ

ᬳᬵ

ɑː is ᬳᬵ

ᬳᬿ

aːi is ᬳᬿ

ᬳᭁ

aːu is ᬳᭁ

`, '\u{1B34}': `

Nukta. Used for non-native sounds in loan words.

Like a similar sign in Javanese, extends the character repertoire for foreign sounds. See below a list of combinatiosn attested in Library of Congress transliterations and in earlier Sasak orthography. The combination ᬤ᬴ could be used for one-to-one transliteration for Javanese .

Combinations

ᬗ᬴

ʔ is ᬗ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬤ᬴

ɖ is ᬤ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬧ᬴

f is ᬧ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬳ᬴

ħ is ᬳ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬯ᬴

v is ᬯ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬓ᬴

x is ᬓ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬕ᬴

ɣ is ᬕ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

ᬚ᬴

z is ᬚ᬴ (used for non-native sounds in loan words)

`, '\u{1B35}': `

a(ː) vowel sign.

ᬧᬵᬤ

ᬕᬵᬦ

Pronounced longer than the inherent vowel. It is often used with prefixes, eg. ‘ma’ + ‘adep’ becoming mādep. If it appears in the holy texts, that are meant to be recited, this vowel can be pronounced even longer than the normal reading.

ə sometimes at the end of a word, eg.

ᬓᬦᬵ

This vowel sign typically ligates with the preceding consonant, eg. ᬳᬵ and ᬭᬵ.

Combinations

ɑː is (best avoided)

aːu is (best avoided)

aːu is (best avoided)

əː is

i is

ləː is

ləː is

o ɔ is

rəː is

rəː is

u is

ᬳᬵ

ɑː is ᬳᬵ

`, '\u{1B36}': `

i vowel sign.

ᬤᬶᬦ

Combinations

ᬳᬶ

i as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬶ

ᬳᬶᬩᬶ

`, '\u{1B37}': `

i vowel sign.

ᬤᬷᬦ

Combinations

ᬳᬷ

as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬷ

`, '\u{1B38}': `

u vowel sign.

ᬧᬸᬧᬸ

Shaping

The glyph changes when this appears after conjoined consonants, eg. kru looks like

ᬓ᭄ᬭᬸᬦ

Combinations

ᬳᬸ

u as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬸ

ᬳᬸᬓᬸ

ᬚᬳᬸᬫ᭄

`, '\u{1B39}': `

vowel sign.

ᬲᬹᬢ

Shaping

The glyph changes when this appears after conjoined consonants, eg. krū looks like

ᬓ᭄ᬭᬹ

Combinations

ᬳᬹ

as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬹ

`, '\u{1B3A}': `

medial vocalic.

ᬓᬺᬰ᭄ᬡ

The combination * ᭄ᬭᭂ U+1B44 ADEG ADEG + U+1B2D LETTER RA + U+1B42 VOWEL SIGN PEPET is not used in Balinese. This vocalic medial letter is used instead.

`, '\u{1B3B}': `

rəː medial vocalic.

The combination * ᭄ᬭᭃ U+1B44 ADEG ADEG + U+1B2D LETTER RA + U+1B43 VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG is not used in Balinese. This vocalic medial letter is used instead.

`, '\u{1B3C}': `

as a medial vocalic.

The combination * ᭄ᬮᭂ U+1B44 ADEG ADEG + U+1B2E LETTER LA + U+1B42 VOWEL SIGN PEPET is not used in Balinese. This vocalic letter is used instead.

`, '\u{1B3D}': `

ləː as a medial vocalic.

The combination * ᭄ᬮᭃ U+1B44 ADEG ADEG + U+1B2E LETTER LA + U+1B43 VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG is not used in Balinese. This vocalic letter is used instead.

`, '\u{1B3E}': `

This vowel sign appears before the consonant it modifies.

e~ɛ vowel sign.

ᬘᬾᬮᬾᬂ

Combinations

ᬳᬾ

e~ɛ as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬾ

ᬳᬾᬦᬓ᭄

`, '\u{1B3F}': `

ᬿ

This vowel sign appears before the consonant it modifies.

aːi vowel sign.

ᬤᬿᬢ᭄ᬬ

Combinations

ᬳᬿ

aːi as a standalone vowel is ᬳᬿ

`, '\u{1B40}': `

The two parts of this vowel sign appear on either side of the consonant it modifies.

o~ɔ vowel sign.

ᬢᭀᬕᭀᬕ᭄

Combinations

ᬳᭀ

o~ɔ as a standalone vowel is ᬳᭀ

ᬳᭀᬃᬢ

`, '\u{1B41}': `

The two parts of this vowel sign appear on either side of the consonant it modifies.

aːu vowel sign.

Combinations

ᬳᭁ

aːu as a standalone vowel is ᬳᭁ

`, '\u{1B42}': `

ə vowel sign.

ᬘᭂᬦᬶᬓ᭄

ᬤᭂᬫᭂᬦ᭄

ᬧᭂᬢᭂᬂ

This vowel sign is not used with or . Instead use and .

ᬋᬱᬶ

ᬚᭂᬍᬫ

Combinations

ᬳᭂ

ə as a standalone vowel is ᬳᭂ. There is no corresponding independent vowel.

ᬳᭂᬫ᭄ᬧᬢ᭄

`, '\u{1B43}': `

əː vowel sign.

This vowel sign is not used with or . Instead use and .

Combinations

ᬳᭂ

ə as a standalone vowel is ᬳᭃ. There is no corresponding independent vowel.

`, '\u{1B44}': `

This is the Balinese virama. It is usually invisible when used between two characters to indicate an absence of intervening vowels. It is visible, however, at the end of a word that does not finish with a vowel and is not followed by anything else.

ᬢᬶᬫ᭄ᬧᬮ᭄

ᬘᭂᬦᬶᬓ᭄

ᬅᬗᬶᬦ᭄

Sometimes it is used to clarify the distinction between a word-final consonant and a medial consonant by preventing the stacking of the final consonant in the previous word and the first consonant in the next, eg. compare:

ᬧᬓ᭄ᬭᬫᬦ᭄

ᬧᬓ᭄‌ᬭᬫᬦ᭄

`, '\u{1B45}': `

`, '\u{1B46}': `

`, '\u{1B47}': `

`, '\u{1B48}': `

`, '\u{1B49}': `

`, '\u{1B4A}': `

`, '\u{1B4B}': `

`, '\u{1B50}': `

0 digit.

`, '\u{1B51}': `

1 digit.

`, '\u{1B52}': `

2 digit.

`, '\u{1B53}': `

3 digit.

`, '\u{1B54}': `

4 digit.

`, '\u{1B55}': `

5 digit.

`, '\u{1B56}': `

6 digit.

`, '\u{1B57}': `

7 digit.

`, '\u{1B58}': `

8 digit.

`, '\u{1B59}': `

9 digit.

`, '\u{1B5A}': `

Used at the beginning of a letter, story or verse.

(At the end of a letter, story or verse you find pasalinan ᭟᭜᭟.)

`, '\u{1B5B}': `

Used at the beginning of religious texts. This symbol is a ligature of the letters in the word mangajapa, which roughly means "praying for safety".

Also used at the end of the same text as part of ᭛᭜᭛.

`, '\u{1B5C}': `

Used at the end of religious texts as part of carik agung ᭛᭜᭛ and at the end of letters, stories and verse as part of pasalinan ᭟᭜᭟

`, '\u{1B5D}': `

Equivalent to a colon.

`, '\u{1B5E}': `

Equivalent to a comma.

This is also used for acronyms, eg. Bank Pembangunan Daerah Bali (Development Bank of Bali Province) can be abbreviated to

ᬩ᭞ᬧᭂ᭞ᬤ᭞ᬩᬮ ba pe da bali.

It is also used to surround numbers, since many digits cannot be distinguished from letters, eg.

ᬩᬮᬶ᭞᭓᭞ᬚᬸᬮᬶ᭞᭑᭙᭘᭒᭟ Bali, 3 July 1982.

`, '\u{1B5F}': `

Equivalent to a period.

Also used as part of pasalinan ᭟᭜᭟ which indicates the end of a letter, story or verse that began with panten ().

`, '\u{1B60}': `

In lontar texts where a word must be broken at the end of a line (always after a full syllable), the sign pameneng is inserted. This sign is not used as a word-joining hyphen; it is used only in linebreaking.

`, '\u{1B61}': `

`, '\u{1B62}': `

`, '\u{1B63}': `

`, '\u{1B64}': `

`, '\u{1B65}': `

`, '\u{1B66}': `

`, '\u{1B67}': `

`, '\u{1B68}': `

`, '\u{1B69}': `

`, '\u{1B6A}': `

`, '\u{1B6B}': `

`, '\u{1B6C}': `

`, '\u{1B6D}': `

`, '\u{1B6E}': `

`, '\u{1B6F}': `

`, '\u{1B70}': `

`, '\u{1B71}': `

`, '\u{1B72}': `

`, '\u{1B73}': `

`, '\u{1B74}': `

`, '\u{1B75}': `

`, '\u{1B76}': `

`, '\u{1B77}': `

`, '\u{1B78}': `

`, '\u{1B79}': `

`, '\u{1B7A}': `

`, '\u{1B7B}': `

`, '\u{1B7C}': `

`, }