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Information about 59 characters out of 59 in Unicode blocks associated with the Tifinagh script.
R Ishida, Tifinagh Block Notes, 04-Jan-2025, https://r12a.github.io/scripts/tfng/block
Click to toggle Table of Contents.
Phonological transcriptions should be treated as a guide, only. They are taken from the sources consulted, and may be narrow or broad, phonemic or phonetic, depending on what is available. They mostly represent pronunciation of words in isolation. For more detailed information about allophones, alternations, sandhi, dialectal differences, and so on, follow the links to cited references.
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Languages using the Tifinagh script • Tifinagh links • Other character notes
U+2D30 TIFINAGH LETTER YA
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
vowelyaⵢⴰa Lo
a phonemically, eg. ⴳⴰⵏⴳⴰ ɡanɡa drum
Allophones
The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:
æ ɐ ɑ
U+2D31 TIFINAGH LETTER YAB
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyabⵢⴰⴱb Lo
b eg. ⴱⵓⵢⵉⵙⴽ bujisk rhinoceros
U+2D32 TIFINAGH LETTER YABH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yab fricativeⵢⴰⴲβ Lo
Arabic: i
β Adapted version of ⴱ [U+2D31 TIFINAGH LETTER YAB] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.
U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyagⵢⴰⴳg Lo
ɡ eg. ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵓ iɡidu sand
Combinations
ɡʷ is ⴳⵯ [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]. IRCAM views this digraph as a letter of the alphabet, representing a labio-velar sound, but in Unicode it is represented by following this character with a modifier, eg. ⵎⴰⴳⵯⵔⵜⵏ maɡʷrtn middle finger
U+2D34 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH
Unicode properties
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Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yag fricativeⵢⴰⴴʝ Lo
Arabic: i
ʝ Rotated version of ⴳ [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.
U+2D35 TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yadjⵢⴰⴵʤ Lo
Arabic: u
d͡ʒ in touareg/kabyle.
U+2D36 TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yadjⵢⴰⴶʤ̇ Lo
Arabic: u
d͡ʒ in touareg/kabyle.
U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyadⵢⴰⴷd Lo
d
ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵍⴰ tadala classroom
Combinations
As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures, of which 2 are relevant here.
dz can be written ⴷⵣ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ].
dʒ can be written ⴷⵊ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH].
U+2D38 TIFINAGH LETTER YADH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yad fricativeⵢⴰⴸð Lo
Arabic: i
ð Rotated version of ⴷ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⵉⴱⵉⴱⴸ ibibð hoopoe
U+2D39 TIFINAGH LETTER YADD
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaḍⵢⴰⴹdˁ Lo
dˁ eg. ⵚⴹⵉⵚ sˁdˁisˁ six
U+2D3A TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yaḍ fricativeⵢⴰⴺðˁ Lo
Arabic: i
ðˁ Rotated version of ⴹ [U+2D39 TIFINAGH LETTER YADD] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.
U+2D3B TIFINAGH LETTER YEY
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
vowelyeyⵢⴻⵢə Lo
ə eg. ⵜⵎⴻⵏⵢⴰ tmənja eight ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴻⵍⵉⵣⵜ tinɡəlizt English language
U+2D3C TIFINAGH LETTER YAF
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyafⵢⴰⴼf Lo
f eg. ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ tadffujt apple
U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyakⵢⴰⴽk Lo
k eg. ⴽⴰⵡⴽⴰⵡ kawkaw peanut
Combinations
kʷ is ⴽⵯ [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]. IRCAM views this digraph as a letter of the alphabet, representing a labio-velar sound, but in Unicode it is represented by following this character with a modifier, eg. ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ akʷfaj milk
U+2D3E TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK
Unicode properties
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Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yakⵢⴰⴾk̇ Lo
Arabic: u
k in Touareg.
U+2D3F TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yak fricativeⵢⴰⴿx Lo
Arabic: i
x Rotated version of ⴽ [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.
U+2D40 TIFINAGH LETTER YAH
Unicode properties
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Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyahⵢⴰⵀh Lo
h eg. ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜ tihirit car
U+2D41 TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (Berber Academy)unused yahⵢⴰⵁḣ Lo
Arabic: u
h extended consonant.
U+2D42 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yahⵢⴰⵂḧ Lo
Arabic: u
h in Touareg.
U+2D43 TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaḥⵢⴰⵃħ Lo
ħ eg. ⵜⴰⵃⵔⵓⵢⵜ taħrujt sheet
U+2D44 TIFINAGH LETTER YAA
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
fricativeyaεⵢⴰⵄʕ Lo
ʕ eg. ⵜⴰⵛⵛⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ taʃʃumʕit candle
U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaxⵢⴰⵅχ Lo
χ eg. ⵜⴰⵅⵉⵣⵣⵓⵜ taχizzut carrot
Combinations
Some dialects use a digraph to represent a labio-velar sound. In Unicode this is represented by simply following this character with ⵯ [U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
xʷ is ⵅⵯ [U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK].
U+2D46 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH
Unicode properties
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Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yaxⵢⴰⵆχ̇ Lo
Arabic: u
χ in Touareg.
U+2D47 TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaqⵢⴰⵇq Lo
q phonemically, eg. ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵜ taqarˤidˁt CD
Allophones
The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:
qʷ ɢ
U+2D48 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yaqⵢⴰⵈq̇ Lo
Arabic: u
q ~ qʷ in Touareg.
U+2D49 TIFINAGH LETTER YI
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
vowelyiⵢⵉi Lo
i phonemically, eg. ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵓ iɡidu sand
Allophones
The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:
ɪ ɨ ɪj
U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyajⵢⴰⵊʒ Lo
ʒ eg. ⵟⵟⴰⵊⵉⵏ ttˁaʒin tagine
Combinations
dʒ can be written ⴷⵊ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH]. This is one of 4 digraphs (which can sometimes appear as ligatures) recognised by IRCAM as part of their extended repertoire.
U+2D4B TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH
Unicode properties
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Tamazight
consonant (ahaggar)unused yajⵢⴰⵋʒ̇ Lo
Arabic: u
ʒ in Ahaggar.
U+2D4C TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yajⵢⴰⵌʒ̈ Lo
Arabic: u
ʒ in Touareg.
U+2D4D TIFINAGH LETTER YAL
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyalⵢⴰⵍl Lo
l ɫ eg. ⵍⵓⵟⴰⵕ lutˁarˤ lute
U+2D4E TIFINAGH LETTER YAM
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyamⵢⴰⵎm Lo
m eg. ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ smmus five
U+2D4F TIFINAGH LETTER YAN
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyanⵢⴰⵏn Lo
n eg. ⵢⴰⵏ jan one
U+2D50 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yagnⵢⴰⵐɲ Lo
Arabic: u
ɲ in Touareg.
U+2D51 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yangⵢⴰⵑŋ Lo
Arabic: u
ŋ in Touareg.
U+2D52 TIFINAGH LETTER YAP
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantloan words or foreign sounds yapⵢⴰⵒp Lo
Arabic: l
p in the IRCAM extended repertoire for representing regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⵒⵖⵉⵣ priz electrical socket
U+2D53 TIFINAGH LETTER YU
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
vowelyuⵢⵓʊ Lo
u phonemically, eg. ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ usman lightning
Allophones
The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:
ʊ o ʊw
U+2D54 TIFINAGH LETTER YAR
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyarⵢⴰⵔr Lo
r rˤ eg. ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ rribab ribab (musical instrument)
U+2D55 TIFINAGH LETTER YARR
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaṛⵢⴰⵕrˤ Lo
rˤ eg. ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵜ taqarˤidˁt CD
U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaγⵢⴰⵖʁ Lo
ʁ ɣ eg. ⵜⴰⴱⵖⴰⵛⵜ tabʁaʃt raspberry
Combinations
Some dialects use the following digraph to represent a labio-velar sound. In Unicode this is represented by simply following this character with ⵯ [U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
ɣʷ is ⵖⵯ [U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
U+2D57 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg)unused yayⵢⴰⵗʁ̇ Lo
Arabic: u
ʁ in Touareg.
U+2D58 TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (aïr)unused yaγⵢⴰⵘʁ̈ Lo
Arabic: u
ʁ in Aïr.
U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyasⵢⴰⵙs Lo
s eg. ⵙⵉⵏ sin two
Combinations
ts is ⵜⵙ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS]. As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.
ⵜⵙⵄⵓⴷ tsʕud nine
U+2D5A TIFINAGH LETTER YASS
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaṣⵢⴰⵚsˁ Lo
sˁ eg. ⵚⴹⵉⵚ sˁdˁisˁ six
U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyašⵢⴰⵛʃ Lo
ʃ eg. ⵓⵛⵛⵏ uʃʃn wolf
Combinations
tʃ is ⵜⵛ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH]. As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.
U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyatⵢⴰⵜt Lo
t eg. ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ tafukt sun
Combinations
As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.
ts is ⵜⵙ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS]
tʃ is ⵜⵛ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH]
U+2D5D TIFINAGH LETTER YATH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yat fricativeⵢⴰⵝθ Lo
Arabic: i
θ extended consonant. Rotated version of ⵜ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.
U+2D5E TIFINAGH LETTER YACH
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yatšⵢⴰⵞʧ Lo
Arabic: u
t͡ʃ in Touareg/Kabyle.
U+2D5F TIFINAGH LETTER YATT
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaṭⵢⴰⵟtˁ Lo
tˁ eg. ⵟⵟⴰⵊⵉⵏ ttˁaʒin tagine
U+2D60 TIFINAGH LETTER YAV
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonant (Used for foreign sounds.)infrequent yavⵢⴰⵠv Lo
Arabic: i
v in the IRCAM extended repertoire for representing regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⴰⵠⵓⵔⵖⵙ avurʁs grasshopper
U+2D61 TIFINAGH LETTER YAW
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyawⵢⴰⵡw Lo
w eg. ⵡⴰⵡⵊⴹⵎ wawʒdˁm dandelion ⴽⴰⵡⴽⴰⵡ kawkaw peanut
U+2D62 TIFINAGH LETTER YAY
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyayⵢⴰⵢy Lo
j eg. ⵢⴰⵏ jan one ⵜⴰⵃⵔⵓⵢⵜ taħrujt sheet
U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyazⵢⴰⵣz Lo
z eg. ⵜⴰⵅⵉⵣⵣⵓⵜ taχizzut carrot
Combinations
As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.
dz is ⴷⵣ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ]
ⴷⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ddzajr Algeria
U+2D64 TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
consonant (Tawellemet.)unused yazⵢⴰⵤż Lo
Arabic: u
z in Tawellemet.
U+2D65 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonantyaẓⵢⴰⵥzˁ Lo
zˁ eg. ⴰⴱⵓⴱⴱⴰⵥ abʊbbazˁ bear
U+2D66 TIFINAGH LETTER YE
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Tamazight
vowel (touareg)unused yeė Lo
Arabic: u
eː in Touareg.
U+2D67 TIFINAGH LETTER YO
Unicode properties
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Tamazight
vowel (touareg)unused yoo Lo
Arabic: u
oː in Touareg.
U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK
Unicode properties
Open in UniView
Used by: Tachelhit • Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Tamazight
consonanttamatartⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜʷ Lm
Used with other consonants to indicate labiovelarisation.
IRCAM's Tifinagh alphabet uses it for 2 combinations.
ɡʷ is ⴳⵯ [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
ⴰⴳⵯⵍⵉⵎ aɡʷlim skin
kʷ is ⴽⵯ [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ akʷfaj milk
The extended IRCAM list includes 3 labioverlarised consonants, written as digraphs:
xʷ is ⵅⵯ [U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
qʷ is ⵇⵯ [U+2D47 TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
ɣʷ is ⵖⵯ [U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]
U+2D70 TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK
Unicode properties
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U+2D7F TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER
Unicode properties
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Tamazight
consonant joiner (touareg)unused ͓ Mn
Arabic: u
Tamazight text written in Neo-Tifinagh typically displays consonants with no intervening vowels by simply putting them side by side, eg. ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ waddad
Consonant clusters may, however, be displayed as ligated forms in Tuareg.9 This is particularly useful in text that is not fully vowelled. There are two ways to achieve this in Unicode-encoded text.
When a bi-consonant is considered obligatory, ⵿ [U+2D7F TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER] is added between the two consonants. If the font supports bi-consonant shapes, the joiner is not shown, but the consonants are ligated. If the font doesn't support the joiner, it should be displayed visually, eg. ⵎ⵿ⵜ
Examples of ligated biconsonants include:
More information about the origin of the biconsonant glyph6→
The second approach uses ZWJ [U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER] rather than the Tifinagh joiner, and serves as an optional hint to the font. The fallback is simply the two consonants side by side.
The ligated shapes may vary from font to font. The ligated biconsonants shown below are rendered using two different fonts (top, Tagmukay; bottom, Noto Sans Tifinagh).
1Patrick Andries (2004), Proposal to add the Tifinagh Script, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/ WG 2
2Paul Anderson (2010), Evolution of the Tifinagh script in Unicode
3Paul Anderson (2010), Proposal to add two Tifinagh characters for vowels in Tuareg language variants
4Juan Luis Blanco (2014), Tifinagh & the IRCAM
5Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (1996), The World's Writing Systems, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507993-0✓
6Lorna A. Priest, Jon Coblentz (2011), Documenting a fallback glyph for Tifinagh Consonant Joiner
7Lorna A. Priest, Jon Coblentz, Andrew Savage (2008), Proposal to encode additional Tifinagh characters
8ScriptSource, Tifinagh (Berber) (retr. Apr 2021)✓
9Unicode Consortium (2024), The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Chapter 19.3: Africa, Tifinagh, ISBN 978-1-936213-34-4
10Wikipedia, Berber Latin alphabet (retr. Apr 2021)
11Wikipedia, Berber languages (retr. Apr 2021)
12Wikipedia, Standard Moroccan Amazigh (retr. Apr 2021)
13Wikipedia, Shilha language (retr. Apr 2021)
14Wikipedia, Central Atlas Tamazight (retr. Apr 2021)
15Wikipedia, Tifinagh (retr. Apr 2021)
16Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA) (2004), Projet de norme marocaine, Jeux de caractères, Alphabet tifinaghe✓