Use accesskey "n" to jump to the internal navigation links at any point. Right now you can

 
r12a >> docs

Tifinagh block notes

Recent commits: zghblock [v28] • Leave a comment

Information about 59 characters out of 59 in Unicode blocks associated with the Tifinagh script.

Referencing this document

R Ishida, Tifinagh Block Notes, 04-Jan-2025, https://r12a.github.io/scripts/tfng/block

 

Click to toggle Table of Contents.

Phonological transcriptions should be treated as a guide, only. They are taken from the sources consulted, and may be narrow or broad, phonemic or phonetic, depending on what is available. They mostly represent pronunciation of words in isolation. For more detailed information about allophones, alternations, sandhi, dialectal differences, and so on, follow the links to cited references.

This is an interactive document. Click/tap on coloured examples to reveal detailed compositional information. If your browser supports it, your cursor will change to look like as you hover over these items.

More about using this page

Character names. The names of characters in codepoint markup drop the initial TIFINAGH label (purely to reduce the length of the examples). In other places the full name can be found.

Fonts. The large character in the box will not be rendered unless the webfont downloaded with the page or a system font has a glyph for it. If there is no glyph and you want to see what it looks like, click on the Toggle images icon to toggle the large characters between font glyphs and graphics.

Navigation. The Toggle images icon takes you to the top of the page.

Transcriptions & transliterations. Phonological transcriptions are surrounded by ⌈corner brackets⌋, to indicate that they vary between narrow, [phonetic] and broad, /phonemic/ transcriptions.
Latin transcriptions between <angle brackets>, represent the letters as commonly written in the Latin script.
A transliteration has also been developed especially for this orthography, and is generally based on the sound of a letter where possible, but where a letter has multiple pronunciations, the transliteration represents only one.
Transliterations provide perfect round-trip conversion between the native script and Latin, whereas Latin transcriptions rarely do.
When you click on an example to see its composition, the top of the panel that opens contains a transliteration, followed by the native text, then (if available) an IPA transcription.

Show all characters listed here

Copied !

Languages using the Tifinagh scriptTifinagh linksOther character notes

Tifinagh

U+2D30 TIFINAGH LETTER YA

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

vowelyaⵢⴰa  Lo

a phonemically, eg. ⴳⴰⵏⴳⴰ ɡanɡa drum

Allophones

The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:

æ ɐ ɑ

U+2D31 TIFINAGH LETTER YAB

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyabⵢⴰⴱb  Lo

b eg. ⴱⵓⵢⵉⵙⴽ bujisk rhinoceros

U+2D32 TIFINAGH LETTER YABH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yab fricativeⵢⴰⴲβ  Lo

Arabic: i

β Adapted version of [U+2D31 TIFINAGH LETTER YAB] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.

U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyagⵢⴰⴳg  Lo

ɡ eg. ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵓ iɡidu sand

Combinations

ɡʷ is   ⴳⵯ   [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]. IRCAM views this digraph as a letter of the alphabet, representing a labio-velar sound, but in Unicode it is represented by following this character with a modifier, eg. ⵎⴰⴳⵯⵔⵜⵏ maɡʷrtn middle finger

U+2D34 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yag fricativeⵢⴰⴴʝ  Lo

Arabic: i

ʝ Rotated version of [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.

U+2D35 TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ

Tamazight

consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yadjⵢⴰⴵʤ  Lo

Arabic: u

d͡ʒ in touareg/kabyle.

U+2D36 TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ

Tamazight

consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yadjⵢⴰⴶʤ̇  Lo

Arabic: u

d͡ʒ in touareg/kabyle.

U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyadⵢⴰⴷd  Lo

d

ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵍⴰ tadala classroom

Combinations

As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures, of which 2 are relevant here.

dz can be written ⴷⵣ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ].

can be written ⴷⵊ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH].

U+2D38 TIFINAGH LETTER YADH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yad fricativeⵢⴰⴸð  Lo

Arabic: i

ð Rotated version of [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⵉⴱⵉⴱⴸ ibibð hoopoe

U+2D39 TIFINAGH LETTER YADD

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaḍⵢⴰⴹ  Lo

eg. ⵚⴹⵉⵚ sˁdˁisˁ six

U+2D3A TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yaḍ fricativeⵢⴰⴺðˁ  Lo

Arabic: i

ðˁ Rotated version of [U+2D39 TIFINAGH LETTER YADD] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.

U+2D3B TIFINAGH LETTER YEY

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

vowelyeyⵢⴻⵢə  Lo

ə eg. ⵜⵎⴻⵏⵢⴰ tmənja eight ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴻⵍⵉⵣⵜ tinɡəlizt English language

U+2D3C TIFINAGH LETTER YAF

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyafⵢⴰⴼf  Lo

f eg. ⵜⴰⴷⴼⴼⵓⵢⵜ tadffujt apple

U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyakⵢⴰⴽk  Lo

k eg. ⴽⴰⵡⴽⴰⵡ kawkaw peanut

Combinations

is   ⴽⵯ [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]. IRCAM views this digraph as a letter of the alphabet, representing a labio-velar sound, but in Unicode it is represented by following this character with a modifier, eg. ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ akʷfaj milk

U+2D3E TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yakⵢⴰⴾ  Lo

Arabic: u

k in Touareg.

ⴿ

U+2D3F TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

ⴿ

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yak fricativeⵢⴰⴿx  Lo

Arabic: i

x Rotated version of [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.

U+2D40 TIFINAGH LETTER YAH

= Tuareg yab

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyahⵢⴰⵀh  Lo

h eg. ⵜⵉⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜ tihirit car

U+2D41 TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH

Tamazight

consonant (Berber Academy)unused yahⵢⴰⵁ  Lo

Arabic: u

h extended consonant.

U+2D42 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yahⵢⴰⵂ  Lo

Arabic: u

h in Touareg.

U+2D43 TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaḥⵢⴰⵃħ  Lo

ħ eg. ⵜⴰⵃⵔⵓⵢⵜ taħrujt sheet

U+2D44 TIFINAGH LETTER YAA

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

fricativeyaεⵢⴰⵄʕ  Lo

ʕ eg. ⵜⴰⵛⵛⵓⵎⵄⵉⵜ taʃʃumʕit candle

U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaxⵢⴰⵅχ  Lo

χ eg. ⵜⴰⵅⵉⵣⵣⵓⵜ taχizzut carrot

Combinations

Some dialects use a digraph to represent a labio-velar sound. In Unicode this is represented by simply following this character with [U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

is ⵅⵯ [U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK].

U+2D46 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yaxⵢⴰⵆχ̇  Lo

Arabic: u

χ in Touareg.

U+2D47 TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaqⵢⴰⵇq  Lo

q phonemically, eg. ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵜ taqarˤidˁt CD

Allophones

The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:

ɢ

U+2D48 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yaqⵢⴰⵈ  Lo

Arabic: u

q ~ qʷ in Touareg.

U+2D49 TIFINAGH LETTER YI

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

vowelyiⵢⵉi  Lo

i phonemically, eg. ⵉⴳⵉⴷⵓ iɡidu sand

Allophones

The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:

ɪ ɨ ɪj

U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyajⵢⴰⵊʒ  Lo

ʒ eg. ⵟⵟⴰⵊⵉⵏ ttˁaʒin tagine

Combinations

can be written ⴷⵊ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D4A TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH]. This is one of 4 digraphs (which can sometimes appear as ligatures) recognised by IRCAM as part of their extended repertoire.

U+2D4B TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH

Tamazight

consonant (ahaggar)unused yajⵢⴰⵋʒ̇  Lo

Arabic: u

ʒ in Ahaggar.

U+2D4C TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yajⵢⴰⵌʒ̈  Lo

Arabic: u

ʒ in Touareg.

U+2D4D TIFINAGH LETTER YAL

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyalⵢⴰⵍl  Lo

l ɫ eg. ⵍⵓⵟⴰⵕ lutˁarˤ lute

U+2D4E TIFINAGH LETTER YAM

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyamⵢⴰⵎm  Lo

m eg. ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ smmus five

U+2D4F TIFINAGH LETTER YAN

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyanⵢⴰⵏn  Lo

n eg. ⵢⴰⵏ jan one

U+2D50 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yagnⵢⴰⵐɲ  Lo

Arabic: u

ɲ in Touareg.

U+2D51 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yangⵢⴰⵑŋ  Lo

Arabic: u

ŋ in Touareg.

U+2D52 TIFINAGH LETTER YAP

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantloan words or foreign sounds yapⵢⴰⵒp  Lo

Arabic: l

p in the IRCAM extended repertoire for representing regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⵒⵖⵉⵣ priz electrical socket

U+2D53 TIFINAGH LETTER YU

= Tuareg yaw

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

vowelyuⵢⵓʊ  Lo

u phonemically, eg. ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵏ usman lightning

Allophones

The phonetic realisation of this letter also includes the following sounds:

ʊ o ʊw

U+2D54 TIFINAGH LETTER YAR

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyarⵢⴰⵔr  Lo

r rˤ eg. ⵔⵔⵉⴱⴰⴱ rribab ribab (musical instrument)

U+2D55 TIFINAGH LETTER YARR

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaṛⵢⴰⵕ  Lo

eg. ⵜⴰⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵜ taqarˤidˁt CD

U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaγⵢⴰⵖʁ  Lo

ʁ ɣ eg. ⵜⴰⴱⵖⴰⵛⵜ tabʁaʃt raspberry

Combinations

Some dialects use the following digraph to represent a labio-velar sound. In Unicode this is represented by simply following this character with [U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

ɣʷ is ⵖⵯ [U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

U+2D57 TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH

Tamazight

consonant (touareg)unused yayⵢⴰⵗʁ̇  Lo

Arabic: u

ʁ in Touareg.

U+2D58 TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH

= Adrar yaj

Tamazight

consonant (aïr)unused yaγⵢⴰⵘʁ̈  Lo

Arabic: u

ʁ in Aïr.

U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyasⵢⴰⵙs  Lo

s eg. ⵙⵉⵏ sin two

Combinations

ts is ⵜⵙ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS]. As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.

ⵜⵙⵄⵓⴷ tsʕud nine

U+2D5A TIFINAGH LETTER YASS

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaṣⵢⴰⵚ  Lo

eg. ⵚⴹⵉⵚ sˁdˁisˁ six

U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyašⵢⴰⵛʃ  Lo

ʃ eg. ⵓⵛⵛⵏ uʃʃn wolf

Combinations

is ⵜⵛ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH]. As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.

U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyatⵢⴰⵜt  Lo

t eg. ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴽⵜ tafukt sun

Combinations

As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.

ts is ⵜⵙ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D59 TIFINAGH LETTER YAS]

is ⵜⵛ [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT + U+2D5B TIFINAGH LETTER YASH]

U+2D5D TIFINAGH LETTER YATH

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Extended consonant.)infrequent yat fricativeⵢⴰⵝθ  Lo

Arabic: i

θ extended consonant. Rotated version of [U+2D5C TIFINAGH LETTER YAT] representing a fricative sound in the IRCAM extended set for sounds that appear in literary works or regional and foreign sounds.

U+2D5E TIFINAGH LETTER YACH

Tamazight

consonant (touareg/kabyle)unused yatšⵢⴰⵞʧ  Lo

Arabic: u

t͡ʃ in Touareg/Kabyle.

U+2D5F TIFINAGH LETTER YATT

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaṭⵢⴰⵟ  Lo

eg. ⵟⵟⴰⵊⵉⵏ ttˁaʒin tagine

U+2D60 TIFINAGH LETTER YAV

Used by: Standard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonant (Used for foreign sounds.)infrequent yavⵢⴰⵠv  Lo

Arabic: i

v in the IRCAM extended repertoire for representing regional and foreign sounds, eg. ⴰⵠⵓⵔⵖⵙ avurʁs grasshopper

U+2D61 TIFINAGH LETTER YAW

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyawⵢⴰⵡw  Lo

w eg. ⵡⴰⵡⵊⴹⵎ wawʒdˁm dandelion ⴽⴰⵡⴽⴰⵡ kawkaw peanut

U+2D62 TIFINAGH LETTER YAY

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyayⵢⴰⵢy  Lo

j eg. ⵢⴰⵏ jan one ⵜⴰⵃⵔⵓⵢⵜ taħrujt sheet

U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyazⵢⴰⵣz  Lo

z eg. ⵜⴰⵅⵉⵣⵣⵓⵜ taχizzut carrot

Combinations

As part of their extended repertoire, IRCAM recognises 4 digraphs that can sometimes appear as ligatures.

dz is ⴷⵣ [U+2D37 TIFINAGH LETTER YAD + U+2D63 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ]

ⴷⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ ddzajr Algeria

U+2D64 TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ

= harpoon yaz

Tamazight

consonant (Tawellemet.)unused yazⵢⴰⵤ  Lo

Arabic: u

z in Tawellemet.

U+2D65 TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonantyaẓⵢⴰⵥ  Lo

eg. ⴰⴱⵓⴱⴱⴰⵥ abʊbbazˁ bear

U+2D66 TIFINAGH LETTER YE

Tamazight

vowel (touareg)unused ye  Lo

Arabic: u

in Touareg.

U+2D67 TIFINAGH LETTER YO

Tamazight

vowel (touareg)unused yoo  Lo

Arabic: u

in Touareg.

U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK

= tamatart
≈ [super] 2D61

Used by: TachelhitStandard Moroccan Tamazight

Tamazight

consonanttamatartⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜʷ  Lm

Used with other consonants to indicate labiovelarisation.

IRCAM's Tifinagh alphabet uses it for 2 combinations.

ɡʷ is ⴳⵯ [U+2D33 TIFINAGH LETTER YAG + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

ⴰⴳⵯⵍⵉⵎ aɡʷlim skin

is ⴽⵯ [U+2D3D TIFINAGH LETTER YAK + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ akʷfaj milk

The extended IRCAM list includes 3 labioverlarised consonants, written as digraphs:

is ⵅⵯ [U+2D45 TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

is ⵇⵯ [U+2D47 TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

ɣʷ is ⵖⵯ [U+2D56 TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH + U+2D6F TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK]

U+2D70 TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK

= tazarast

Tamazight

phrase separator (west africa)unused tazarastⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ  Po

Arabic: u

Punctuation, called tazarast, used in some areas (such as Niger, Mali, Algeria 7) for phrase and sentence breaks.8 In right to left text, this character should be mirrored.

⵿

U+2D7F TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER​

• suppresses an inherent vowel
• functions to indicate that previous and following character are part of a bi-consonant cluster
• shape shown is arbitrary and is not visibly rendered

⵿

Tamazight

consonant joiner (touareg)unused ͓  Mn

Arabic: u

Tamazight text written in Neo-Tifinagh typically displays consonants with no intervening vowels by simply putting them side by side, eg. ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ waddad

Consonant clusters may, however, be displayed as ligated forms in Tuareg.9 This is particularly useful in text that is not fully vowelled. There are two ways to achieve this in Unicode-encoded text.

When a bi-consonant is considered obligatory,   ⵿  [U+2D7F TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER] is added between the two consonants. If the font supports bi-consonant shapes, the joiner is not shown, but the consonants are ligated. If the font doesn't support the joiner, it should be displayed visually, eg. ⵎ⵿‌ⵜ

Examples of ligated biconsonants include:

ⵎ⵿ⵜm͓t
ⵏ⵿ⴾn͓k̇
ⵏ⵿ⵜn͓t
ⵔ⵿ⵜr͓t
ⵙ⵿ⵜs͓t

More information about the origin of the biconsonant glyph6→

The second approach uses ZWJ [U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER] rather than the Tifinagh joiner, and serves as an optional hint to the font. The fallback is simply the two consonants side by side.

The ligated shapes may vary from font to font. The ligated biconsonants shown below are rendered using two different fonts (top, Tagmukay; bottom, Noto Sans Tifinagh).

References & sources

1Patrick Andries (2004), Proposal to add the Tifinagh Script, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/ WG 2

2Paul Anderson (2010), Evolution of the Tifinagh script in Unicode

3Paul Anderson (2010), Proposal to add two Tifinagh characters for vowels in Tuareg language variants

4Juan Luis Blanco (2014), Tifinagh & the IRCAM

5Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (1996), The World's Writing Systems, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507993-0

6Lorna A. Priest, Jon Coblentz (2011), Documenting a fallback glyph for Tifinagh Consonant Joiner

7Lorna A. Priest, Jon Coblentz, Andrew Savage (2008), Proposal to encode additional Tifinagh characters

8ScriptSource, Tifinagh (Berber) (retr. Apr 2021)

9Unicode Consortium (2024), The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0, Chapter 19.3: Africa, Tifinagh, ISBN 978-1-936213-34-4

10Wikipedia, Berber Latin alphabet (retr. Apr 2021)

11Wikipedia, Berber languages (retr. Apr 2021)

12Wikipedia, Standard Moroccan Amazigh (retr. Apr 2021)

13Wikipedia, Shilha language (retr. Apr 2021)

14Wikipedia, Central Atlas Tamazight (retr. Apr 2021)

15Wikipedia, Tifinagh (retr. Apr 2021)

16Service de Normalisation Industrielle Marocaine (SNIMA) (2004), Projet de norme marocaine, Jeux de caractères, Alphabet tifinaghe

See recent changes.  •  Make a comment.  •  Licence CC-By © r12a.