ກ
k mid class consonant (syllable initial & final).
ໄກ່
ເດັກ
`, '\u{0E82}': `ຂ
kʰ-high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ໄຂ່
x high class consonant, sometimes.
`, '\u{0E84}': `
ຄ
kʰ- low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ແຄບ
ຄວາຢ
x low class consonant.
`, '\u{0E86}': `
ຆ
`, '\u{0E87}': `ງ
ŋ low class consonant (syllable initial & final).
ງົວ
ສອງ
Combinations
ຫງ
ŋ is also ຫງ. The preceding, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high.
`, '\u{0E88}': `
ຈ
t͡ɕ- mid class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ຈອກ
`, '\u{0E89}': `
ຉ
`, '\u{0E8A}': `ຊ
s- (syllable-initial only) ຊ້າງ
`, '\u{0E8A}': `ຊ
s- low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ຊ້າງ
`, '\u{0E8C}': `
ຌ
`, '\u{0E8D}': `ຍ
ɲ- low class consonant (as an initial consonant).
ຍຸງ
-j in syllable-final position as part of a composite vowel (see below).
Combinations (high tone)
ຫຍ
ɲ is ຫຍ. The initial, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high.
Combinations (diphthongs)
ເ◌ຍ
-iːə̯ is ເ◌ຍ
ເມຍ
ເ◌ັຍ
-iə̯ is ເ◌ັຍ
ເຈັ້ຍ
ເ◌ັຍະ
-ia is ເ◌ັຍະ
ວາຍ
-uːə̯j is ◌ວາຍ
ຄວາຍ
ໂ◌ຍ
-oːj is ໂ◌ຍ
ໂປໂລຍ
ເ◌ີຍ
-ɤːj is ເ◌ີຍ
ອຍ
-ɔːj is ອຍ
ນ້ອຍ
າຍ
-aːj is າຍ
ຊາຍ
ັຍ
-aj is ັຍ
`, '\u{0E8E}': `
ຎ
`, '\u{0E8F}': `ຏ
`, '\u{0E90}': `ຐ
`, '\u{0E91}': `ຑ
`, '\u{0E92}': `ຒ
`, '\u{0E93}': `ຓ
`, '\u{0E94}': `ດ
d- mid class consonant.
ເດັກ
-t final consonant.
ສັດ
`, '\u{0E95}': `
ຕ
t mid class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ຕາ
`, '\u{0E96}': `
ຖ
tʰ- high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ຖົງ
`, '\u{0E97}': `
ທ
tʰ- low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ທຸງ
`, '\u{0E98}': `
ຘ
`, '\u{0E99}': `ນ
n low class consonant.
ນົກ
ຫ່ານ
Combinations (high tone)
ຫນ
n is also ໜ or ຫນ. The initial, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high. The atomic code point appears to be preferred.
`, '\u{0E9A}': `
ບ
b- mid class consonant.
ແບ້
-p final consonant.
ເລັບ
`, '\u{0E9B}': `
ປ
p- mid class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ປາ
`, '\u{0E9C}': `
ຜ
pʰ- high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ເຜິ້ງ
`, '\u{0E9D}': `
ຝ
f high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ຝົນ
`, '\u{0E9E}': `
ພ
pʰ- low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ພູ
`, '\u{0E9F}': `
ຟ
f low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ໄຟ
`, '\u{0EA0}': `
ຠ
`, '\u{0EA1}': `ມ
m low class consonant (syllable initial & final).
ແມວ
ລົມ
Combinations (high tone)
ຫມ
m is also ໝ or ຫມ. The initial, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high. The atomic code point appears to be preferred.
`, '\u{0EA2}': `
ຢ
j mid class consonant (syllable initial & final).
ຢາ
ຄວາຢ
When syllable-final it can be perceived as part of a composite vowel.
A conjunct form related etymologically to the Thai อย U+0E2D THAI CHARACTER O ANG + U+0E22 THAI CHARACTER YO YAK.
`, '\u{0EA3}': `ຣ
Used for non-native sounds in loan words.
l low class consonant (syllable-initial).
ຣະຄັງ
-n final consonant.
ນຄຣ
Sometimes used for archaic spellings of the letter 'r': the sound r no longer exists in Lao. Officially removed from the alphabet by the Ministry of Education, it is also still used occasionally to transliterate Indic or other foreign words into Lao, eg. ຣົຖ (also spelled ລົດ).
`, '\u{0EA5}': `ລ
l- low class consonant (syllable initial).
ລີງ
-n final consonant.
Combinations (high tone)
ຫລ
l is also ຫຼ or ຫລ. The initial, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high. The subjoined version appears to be preferred.
ຫຼັງ
ອາໂຫຼ
ອາໂຫລ
ໆລໆ
la is ໆລໆ when it is equivalent to 'etc.' in English.
`, '\u{0EA7}': `ວ
ʋ low class initial consonant.
ວີ
-w as the second part of a syllable-initial cluster, and as the final part of a diphthong (see below).
ແກວ່ງ
-uːə- vowel when used alone in closed syllables.
ດວງຈິດ
Combinations (high tone)
ຫວ
ʋ is also ຫວ. The initial, silent 0EAB changes the tone to high.
ຫວ່າງ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ີວ
-iːw is ີວ
ນີວຢອກ
ິວ
-iw is ິວ
ຫິວ
ຽວ
-iːə̯w is ຽວ.
ຂຽວ
ເ◌ັຽວ
-iə̯w is ເ◌ັຽວ
ົວ
-uːə̯ is ົວ
ງົວ
ັວ
-uə̯- is ັວ
ຄັວນ
ວາ
-uːə̯ is ວາ
ກວາງ
◌ົວະ
-uə̯ is ◌ົວະ
ຂີ້ຕົວະ
ວາຍ
-uːə̯j is ◌ວາຍ
ຄວາຍ
ແ◌ວ
-ɛːw is ແ◌ວ
ແມວ
າວ
-aːw is າວ
ໜາວ
`, '\u{0EA8}': `ຨ
`, '\u{0EA9}': `ຩ
`, '\u{0EAA}': `ສ
s high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ເສືອ
`, '\u{0EAB}': `
ຫ
h high class consonant (syllable-initial only).
Combinations (high tone)
This is also used (silently) before the following initial consonants to change their default tone value.
ຫຼ
l is ຫຼ
ຫຼາຍ
ຫລ
l is ຫລ
ຫລິ້ນ
ຫມ
m is ຫມ (dated spelling; see ໝ)
ຫມຶກ
ຫນ
n is ຫນ (dated spelling; see ໜ)
ຫນອງ
ຫຍ
ɲ is ຫຍ
ຫຍັງ
ຫງ
ŋ is ຫງ
ຫວ
ʋ is ຫວ
ຫວ່າງ
`, '\u{0EAC}': `ຬ
`, '\u{0EAD}': `ອ
ʔ mid class vowel carrier. Used to support standalone vowels.
ໂອ
ອຸ່ນ
ɔː long vowel, when used alone in a closed syllable.
ຈອກ
Combinations (plain vowel)
◌ັອ
-ɔ is ◌ັອ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ເ◌ືອ
-ɯːə̯ is ເ◌ືອ
ເຮືອນ
ເ◌ຶອ
-ɯə̯ is ເ◌ຶອ
ເນຶ້ອ
ອຍ
-ɔːj is ອຍ
ນ້ອຍ
`, '\u{0EAE}': `ຮ
h- (syllable-initial only) ເຮືອນ
`, '\u{0EAE}': `ຮ
h- low class consonant (syllable-initial only).
ເຮືອນ
`, '\u{0EAF}': `
ຯ
Used to indicate ellipsis or abbreviation.
`, '\u{0EB0}': `ະ
a short vowel in open syllables (whereas in closed syllables 0EB1 is used).
ລະດັບ
Also used as an indication of shortness in the following syllable-final vowels.
Combinations (plain vowels)
ເ◌ະ
-e is ເ◌ະ
ເຕະ
ໂ◌ະ
-o is ໂ◌ະ
ໂຕະ
ແ◌ະ
-ɛ is ແ◌ະ
ແລະ
ເ◌າະ
-ɔ is ເ◌າະ
ເພາະ
Combinations (diphthong)
ເ◌ັຍະ
-ia is ເ◌ັຍະ
◌ົວະ
-uə̯ is ◌ົວະ
ຂີ້ຕົວະ
`, '\u{0EB1}': `ັ
a short vowel in closed syllables (whereas in open syllables 0EB0 is used).
ລະດັບ
Combinations (plain vowels)
Also used as an indication of shortness in the following vowels.
ເ◌ັ
-e- is ເ◌ັ
ເລັບ
ແ◌ັ
-ɛ- is ແ◌ັ
ແມັດ
◌ັອ
-ɔ is ◌ັອ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ັຽ
-iːə̯ is ເ◌ັຽ.
ລັດເຊັຽ
-iə̯ is ັຽ Closed syllables.
ເ◌ັຍ
-iə̯ is ເ◌ັຍ
ເຈັ້ຍ
ເ◌ັຽວ
-iə̯w is ເ◌ັຽວ
ເ◌ັຍະ
-ia is ເ◌ັຍະ
ັວ
-uə̯- is ັວ
ຄັວນ
ັຍ
-aj is ັຍ
`, '\u{0EB2}': `
າ
-aː long vowel.
ສາມ
Combinations (plain vowel)
ເ◌າະ
-ɔ is ເ◌າະ
ເພາະ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ວາ
-uːə̯ is ວາ
ກວາງ
ວາຍ
-uːə̯j is ◌ວາຍ
ຄວາຍ
າຍ
-aːj is າຍ
ຊາຍ
າຽ
-aːj is າຽ
ຊາຽ
າວ
-aːw is າວ
ໜາວ
ເ◌ົາ
-aw is ເ◌ົາ
ເທົ່າ
`, '\u{0EB3}': `ຳ
-am rhyme.
ດຳ
`, '\u{0EB4}': `
ິ
i short vowel.
ຫິນ
ຫິມະ
Combinations (plain vowel)
ເ◌ິ
-ɤ is ເ◌ິ
ເຜິ້ງ
Combinations (diphthong)
ິວ
-iw is ິວ
ຄິ້ວ
`, '\u{0EB5}': `ີ
iː long vowel.
ລີງ
ສີ່
Combinations (plain vowel)
ເ◌ີ
-ɤː is ເ◌ີ
ເກີດ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ີວ
-iːw is ີວ
ນີວຢອກ
ເ◌ີຽ
-ɤːj is ເ◌ີຽ
ເ◌ີຍ
-ɤːj is ເ◌ີຍ
ເຄີຍ
`, '\u{0EB6}': `ຶ
ɯ short vowel.
ຄຶດ
Combinations (diphthong)
ເ◌ຶອ
-ɯə̯ is ເ◌ຶອ
ເນຶ້ອ
`, '\u{0EB7}': `ື
ɯː long vowel.
ຖືກ
ເສືອ
Combinations (diphthong)
ເ◌ືອ
-ɯːə̯ is ເ◌ືອ
ເຮືອນ
`, '\u{0EB8}': `ຸ
u short vowel.
ທຸງ
`, '\u{0EB9}': `
ູ
uː long vowel.
ລູກ
ງູ
`, '\u{0EBA}': `
຺
`, '\u{0EBB}': `ົ
-o- short vowel (only medial).
ລົມ
Combinations
ົວ
-uːə̯ is ◌ົວ
ງົວ
◌ົວະ
-uə̯ is ◌ົວະ
ຂີ້ຕົວະ
ເ◌ົາ
-aw is ເ◌ົາ
ເຜົາ
`, '\u{0EBC}': `ຼ
l high class subjoined consonant, used only in the following combinations.
Combinations
ຫຼ
l is normally ຫຼ. The initial, silent ຫ changes the class of the consonant.
ຫຼາຍ
This can also sometimes be written ຫລ, but that is regarded by Wiktionary as a dated form. Compare:
ເຫລົ່ານີ້
ເຫຼົ່ານີ້
`, '\u{0EBD}': `ຽ
-iːə̯- diphthong when used as a vowel in closed syllables.
ປຽກ
-j glide at end of diphthongs (see below).
Combinations (diphthongs)
ັຽ
-iːə̯ is ເ◌ັຽ.
ລັດເຊັຽ
-iə̯- is ັຽ◌ (check this).
ຽວ
-iːə̯w is ຽວ
ຂຽວ
ເ◌ັຽວ
-iə̯w is ເ◌ັຽວ
ເ◌ີຽ
-ɤːj is ເ◌ີຽ
າຽ
-aːj is າຽ
ຊາຽ
`, '\u{0EC0}': `ເ
eː prescript long vowel.
ເມກ
ທະເລ
Combinations (plain vowels)
ເ◌ະ
-e is ເ◌ະ
ເຕະ
ເ◌ັ
-e- is also ເ◌ັ
ເມັດ
ເ◌າະ
-ɔ is ເ◌າະ
ເພາະ
ເ◌ີ
-ɤː is ເ◌ີ
ເຝີ
ເ◌ິ
-ɤ is ເ◌ິ
ເຜິ້ງ
Combinations (diphthongs)
ັຽ
-iːə̯ is ເ◌ັຽ.
ລັດເຊັຽ
ເ◌ຍ
-iːə̯ is ເ◌ຍ
ເມຍ
ເ◌ັຍ
-iə̯ is ເ◌ັຍ
ເຈັ້ຍ
ເ◌ັຽວ
-iə̯w is ເ◌ັຽວ
ເ◌ັຍະ
-ia is ເ◌ັຍະ
ເ◌ືອ
-ɯːə̯ is ເ◌ືອ
ເສືອ
ເ◌ຶອ
-ɯə̯ is ເ◌ຶອ
ເນຶ້ອ
ເ◌ີຍ
-ɤːj is ເ◌ີຍ
ເຄີຍ
ເ◌ີຽ
-ɤːj is also ເ◌ີຽ
ເ◌ົາ
-aw is ເ◌ົາ
ເຂົາ
`, '\u{0EC1}': `ແ
ɛː prescript long vowel.
ແບ້
Combinations (plain vowels)
ແ◌ະ
-ɛ is ແ◌ະ in open syllables.
ແລະ
ແ◌ັ
-ɛ- is ແ◌ັ in closed syllables.
ແມັດ
Combinations (diphthong)
ແ◌ວ
-ɛːw is ແ◌ວ
ແຂ້ວ
`, '\u{0EC2}': `ໂ
oː prescript long vowel.
ໂພ່ນ
Combination (plain vowel)
ໂ◌ະ
-o is ໂ◌ະ
ໂຕະ
Combination (diphthong)
ໂ◌ຍ
-oːj is ໂ◌ຍ
ໂດຍ
`, '\u{0EC3}': `ໃ
aj prescript long diphthong.
ໃບ
`, '\u{0EC4}': `
ໄ
aj prescript long diphthong.
ໄຟ
`, '\u{0EC6}': `
ໆ
Indicates repetition of preceding sound.
Also used in ໆລໆ kʰɯaŋ-mǎːj-lɛ-ɯːn-ɯːn (ເຄຶ່ອງໝາຍ ແລະອຶ່ນໆ), with a meaning similar to etc.
`, '\u{0EC6}': `ໆ
ໆລໆ
Indicates repetition of the preceding sound.
Also used in ໆລໆ kʰɯaŋ-mǎːj-lɛ-ɯːn-ɯːn (ເຄຶ່ອງໝາຍ ແລະອຶ່ນໆ), with a meaning similar to etc.
`, '\u{0EC8}': `່
Tone mark. Used with any consonant class. Produces a mid tone.
`, '\u{0EC9}': `້
Tone mark. Used with any consonant class. Produces a high falling tone with class 1 and 3 consonants, but low falling with class 2.
`, '\u{0ECA}': `໊
Tone mark. Used with any class 1 consonants. Produces a high falling tone.
`, '\u{0ECB}': `໋
Tone mark. Used with any class 1 consonants. Produces a low rising tone.
`, '\u{0ECC}': `໌
Archaic.
Previously used to indicate silenced consonants, but Wikipedia describes it as now obsoletewl,#Punctuation.
`, '\u{0ECD}': `ໍ
ɔː eg. ຄໍ
`, '\u{0ECD}': `ໍ
ɔː long vowel.
ຄໍ
`, '\u{0ED0}': `
໐
Infrequent.
0 digit.
`, '\u{0ED1}': `໑
Infrequent.
1 digit.
`, '\u{0ED2}': `໒
Infrequent.
2 digit.
`, '\u{0ED3}': `໓
Infrequent.
3 digit.
`, '\u{0ED4}': `໔
Infrequent.
4 digit.
`, '\u{0ED5}': `໕
Infrequent.
5 digit.
`, '\u{0ED6}': `໖
Infrequent.
6 digit.
`, '\u{0ED7}': `໗
Infrequent.
7 digit.
`, '\u{0ED8}': `໘
Infrequent.
8 digit.
`, '\u{0ED9}': `໙
Infrequent.
9 digit.
`, '\u{0EDC}': `ໜ
n atomic high class consonant digraph (syllable-initial only).
ໜຶ່ງ
A ligature representing, and sometimes written as, 0EAB 0E99, that changes the consonant class to high.
`, '\u{0EDD}': `ໝ
m atomic high class consonant digraph (syllable-initial only).
ໝາ
A ligature representing, and sometimes written as, 0EAB 0EA1, that changes the consonant class to high.
`, '\u{0EDE}': `ໞ
`, '\u{0EDF}': `ໟ
`, '\u{200B}': `An invisible character, used to signal line-break and word-break opportunities. It was originally provided for use with writing systems such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, Japanese, etc. that don't use spaces between words.
Justification visibly adjusts the space between the characters on either side of the ZWSP as if the ZWSP wasn't there§,827, eg. the two lines below show Thai text containing a ZWSP after the 4th base character. The first is rendered as per normal, the second is as it would appear with justification or letter-spacing. Note how the second line has no extra spacing where the ZWSP occurs. อักษรไทย อั ก ษ ร ไ ท ย
`, '\u{2060}': `An invisible character, equivalent to a zero-width no-break space, and used to prevent line-breaks. It has no effect on word segmentation.
It can also be used to bracket other characters to turn them into non-breaking characters, such as U+2009 THIN SPACE or ― U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR.
Not to be confused with 200D or 034F, since it has no effect on shaping.
This functionality is also provided by U+FEFF ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE, but since that character also represents the byte-order mark, the use of this word joiner character (added in Unicode 3.2) is strongly preferred.
`, }