/* */ var charDetails = { // MAIN BLOCK '\u{1A20}': `

ᨠ

k high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ

-k when syllable-final.

ᨽᩥ᩠ᨠ

`, '\u{1A21}': `

ᨡ

kʰ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨡᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ

-k when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A22}': `

ᨢ

`, '\u{1A23}': `

ᨣ

k low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨣᩮᩢᩤ

-k when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A24}': `

ᨤ

kʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ

`, '\u{1A25}': `

ᨥ

kʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-k when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A26}': `

ᨦ

ŋ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨦᩫ᩠ᨶ

-ŋ when syllable-final.

ᨴᩢ᩠ᨦ

`, '\u{1A27}': `

ᨧ

ʨ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨧ᩠ᨷᩪ

-t when syllable-final.

Note that, in order to achieve the intended visual output, the input order here has been dictated by the (lack of) capabilities of the font.

`, '\u{1A28}': `

ᨨ

cʰ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨨ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨯ

This seems to be regarded not as a native Khün sound, but rather associated with reading the alphabet out loud and in learned pronunciation of Pali loanwords.o142

`, '\u{1A29}': `

ᨩ

c low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨩᩭ᩵

`, '\u{1A2A}': `

ᨪ

s low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨪᩨ᩶

`, '\u{1A2B}': `

ᨫ

cʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-cʰ- when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A2C}': `

ᨬ

j low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

`, '\u{1A2D}': `

ᨭ

t high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

-t high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

`, '\u{1A2E}': `

ᨮ

tʰ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

-t when syllable-final.

Tai Khün doesn't use this character, but instead uses ᨭᩛ.e

`, '\u{1A2F}': `

ᨯ

d mid class consonant with inherent vowel a.

ᨯᩱ᩶

-t when syllable-final.

ᨠᩣ᩠ᨯ

`, '\u{1A30}': `

ᨰ

tʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-t when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A31}': `

ᨱ

n low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-n when syllable-final.

ᩈᨱᩛᩣ᩠ᨶ

`, '\u{1A32}': `

ᨲ

t high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ

-t when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A33}': `

ᨳ

tʰ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨳ᩶ᩣ

-t high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

`, '\u{1A34}': `

ᨴ

t low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨴᩢ᩠ᨦ

-t low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

`, '\u{1A35}': `

ᨵ

tʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-t when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A36}': `

ᨶ

n low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨶᩦ᩶

-n when syllable-final.

ᩁᩮᩨ᩠ᨶ

Combinations

ᩉ᩠ᨶ

n when high-class is ᩉ᩠ᨶ

Shaping

The combination ᨶᩣ forms a ligature ᨶᩣ.

`, '\u{1A37}': `

ᨷ

b mid class consonant with inherent vowel a.

ᩉᩬᨷ

-p when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A38}': `

ᨸ

p high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨸ᩶ᩣ

`, '\u{1A39}': `

ᨹ

pʰ high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᨲᩯ᩠ᨠᨹᩯ᩵

-pʰ-

`, '\u{1A3A}': `

ᨺ

f high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

`, '\u{1A3B}': `

ᨻ

p low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨻᩳ᩵ᨾᩯ᩵

-pʰ when syllable-final.

The subjoined form is somewhat rare, see instead 1A5B.

`, '\u{1A3C}': `

ᨼ

f low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨼᩥ᩠ᩃ᩼ᨾ

`, '\u{1A3D}': `

ᨽ

pʰ low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨽᩥ᩠ᨠ

-p when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A3E}': `

ᨾ

m low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨾᩣ

-m when syllable-final.

ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ

Combinations

ᩉ᩠ᨾ

m when high class is ᩉ᩠ᨾ

`, '\u{1A3F}': `

ᨿ

j low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᩉᩱ᩠ᨿ᩵

Observation: (The order of codepoint in the word 'big' was changed here to fit the default font used for Khün, which doesn't handle prescript vowels well with conjuncts. The order should be h˖y̱aʲ¹, which looks like ᩉ᩠ᨿᩱ᩵ with the default Northern Thai font.)r

-j low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᨣ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨿ

Combinations

ᩉ᩠ᨿ

j is ᩉ᩠ᨿ

Composite vowels

This letter participates in the following composite vowels.

᩠ᨿ

-eː- is ᩠ᨿ

ᩮ᩠ᨿ

ia is ᩮ᩠ᨿ

ᩧ᩠ᨿ

ɯj is ᩧ᩠ᨿ

ᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɯːj is ᩨ᩠ᨿ

ᩩᨿ

uj is ᩩᨿ

ᩴ᩠ᨿ

eːw is ᩴ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ɤj is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɤːj is ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

᩠ᩅ᩠ᨿ

-ɔːj is ᩠ᩅ᩠ᨿ

ᩱ᩠ᨿ

aj is ᩱ᩠ᨿ

ᩣ᩠ᨿ

aːj is ᩣ᩠ᨿ

ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ

iaʔ is ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩢ᩠ᨿ

aj is ᩢ᩠ᨿ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A40}': `

ᩀ

j mid class consonant with inherent vowel á.

This letter is actually mid-class, rather than high, in Khün (although high in eastern Tai Lü).r

This character is only used for four lexemes: o151

ᩀᩪ᩵

ᩀ᩵ᩣ

ᩀ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ

ᩀᩣ᩠ᨠ

`, '\u{1A41}': `

ᩁ

r low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᩁᩮᩨ᩠ᨶ

-n when syllable-final.

ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ

`, '\u{1A42}': `

ᩂ

`, '\u{1A43}': `

ᩃ

l low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᩃᩩᨦ

ᨨ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨯ

-n when syllable-final.

Alternative

See also the medial form 1A56. It is not clear when the subjoined form is used vs. the medial form. Wordingham found both of the following spellings for the same word in the same Tai Khün book.

ᨲᩖᩬᨯ tl̆ɔ̄d̯

ᨲ᩠ᩃᩬᨯ t˖ḻɔ̄d̯

He writes: "There is one generally applicable rule, namely that as a subscript coda consonant, <+ḻ> is used. I've found only two exceptions."r

`, '\u{1A44}': `

ᩄ

`, '\u{1A45}': `

ᩅ

w low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ

-w when syllable-final.

Combinations

ᩓ᩠ᩅ

lɛːw is ᩓ᩠ᩅ

᩠ᩅ

-oː- is ᩠ᩅ

ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ

᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

-oʔ is ᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

᩠ᩅᩫ

-oː is ᩠ᩅᩫ

ᩮᩅ

eːw is ᩮᩅ

ᩯᩅ

ɛːw is ᩯᩅ

᩠ᩅ᩠ᨿ

-ɔːj is ᩠ᩅ᩠ᨿ

`, '\u{1A46}': `

ᩆ

Doesn't serve as an onset, but is used for writing codas in words derived from Sanskrit.o147

-t when syllable-final.

`, '\u{1A47}': `

ᩇ

Doesn't serve as an onset, but is used for writing codas in words derived from Sanskrit. o147

-t when syllable-final.

ᨷᩢᨱ᩠ᨻᨷᩩᩁᩩᩇ

`, '\u{1A48}': `

ᩈ

s high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ

-t when syllable-final.

Shaping

According to Everson, the geminate form of this character uses a great sa ligature, though in some words can also be ᩈ᩠ᩈ.e

`, '\u{1A49}': `

ᩉ

h high class consonant with inherent vowel á.

ᩉᩬᨷ

Combinations

‘Leading ha’ is also used to change the class (to high) of the following eight (as opposed to 9 for Northern Thai) low class consonant nasals and resonants that do not have corresponding high class graphemeso,151. Note that two of the combinations use medials, rather than subjoined forms.

ᩉ᩠ᨾ

m is ᩉ᩠ᨾ

ᩉ᩠ᨶ

n is ᩉ᩠ᨶ

ᩉ᩠ᨿ

ɲ is ᩉ᩠ᨿ

ᩉ᩠ᨦ

ŋ is ᩉ᩠ᨦ

ᩉ᩠ᩅ

w is ᩉ᩠ᩅ

ᩉᩕ

l is ᩉᩕ

ᩉᩖ

l is ᩉᩖ

ᩉ᩠ᨬ

l is ᩉ᩠ᨬ

`, '\u{1A4A}': `

ᩊ

l low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

-n low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

`, '\u{1A4B}': `

ᩋ

ʔ mid class consonant with inherent vowel a. Used to create standalone vowels.

ᩋᩨ᩠᩵ᨶ

ᩋᩧ᩠ᨷ

ᩋᩮᩨ᩠᩶ᨿ

ʔa when it occurs alone.

ᩋᨾᩛ

Combinations

ᩋᩣ

ʔaː is ᩋᩣ

ᩮᩬᩥᩋ

ɯa is ᩮᩬᩥᩋ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ

ɯaʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A4C}': `

ᩌ

h low class consonant with inherent vowel a᷇.

`, '\u{1A4D}': `

ᩍ

ʔi² independent vowel.

`, '\u{1A4E}': `

ᩎ

ʔiː² independent vowel.

`, '\u{1A4F}': `

ᩏ

ʔu² independent vowel.

`, '\u{1A50}': `

ᩐ

ʔuː² independent vowel.

Can also be combined with dependent vowels.

ᩐ᩶ᩣ

`, '\u{1A51}': `

ᩑ

ʔeː² independent vowel.

ᩑᨠ

`, '\u{1A52}': `

ᩒ

ʔoː² independent vowel.

`, '\u{1A53}': `

ᩓ

lɛː low tone ligature.

Combinations

ᩓ᩠ᩅ

lɛːw is ᩓ᩠ᩅ

ᩈᩮᩓ᩠ᩅ᩶

`, '\u{1A54}': `

ᩔ

Represents geminated ᩈ [U+1A48 TAI THAM LETTER HIGH SA]

`, '\u{1A54}': `

ᩔ

Used medially.

-ss- high class consonant, representing a geminated 1A48.

`, '\u{1A55}': `

ᩕ

ʰ medial consonant.

For use in initial clusters with unaspirated velar, dental and labial plosives. The trill is not pronounced but the plosive becomes aspirated, the tone class remaining the same as for the unaspirated plosive.

Combinations

ᨷᩕ

pʰ- is ᨷᩕ

ᨲᩕ

tʰ- is ᨲᩕ

ᨲᩕᩯ

ᨴᩕ

tʰ- is ᨴᩕ

ᨠᩕ

kʰ- is ᨠᩕ

ᨣᩕ

kʰ- is ᨣᩕ

There are signs that modern spelling practice is changing for these clusters to reflect the pronunciation rather than the etymology, ie. these clusters are being replaced by the homorganic aspirated plosive with the same tone class.o151

`, '\u{1A56}': `

ᩖ

-l- medial consonant.

Combinations

ᩉᩖ

l when high class is ᩉᩖ

ᩉᩖᨯᩬ

`, '\u{1A57}': `

ᩗ

`, '\u{1A58}': `

ᩘ

-ŋ final consonant. Used to mark final -ŋ with the short vowels a, i, u in non-final syllables preceding a velar plosive in polysyllabic Pali morphemes; ie, it marks nasalisation that is assimilated to the following velar plosive.

`, '\u{1A59}': `

ᩙ

-ŋ final consonant.

The superscript consonants are limited to final r (1A7A) and ŋ (this character) in syllables where a subscript vowel prevents the use of a subscript final consonant. Superscript forms are mainly found in handwritten text, whereas regular forms of these consonants in postscript position are the norm for printed texts.o

`, '\u{1A5A}': `

ᩚ

`, '\u{1A5B}': `

ᩛ

p special subjoined form.

tʰ special subjoined form, used instead of ᨮe.

`, '\u{1A5C}': `

ᩜ

-m secondary subjoined form. According to Wordingham, its use appears to be optional as an alternative to 1A60 1A3E, but is typically used as the second element of the conjunct -mm-. In every case seen, it is either an onset consonant or silenced.r

`, '\u{1A5D}': `

ᩝ

Rare.

-b final consonant.

`, '\u{1A5E}': `

ᩞ

Rare.

-s final consonant.

`, '\u{1A60}': `

᩠

Used to cause stacking of consonants. Note that, unlike most other Brahmi scripts, this doesn't necessarily kill the vowel between the consonants.

Also unusually, it can also be used after vowel signs, and digits, eg. ᪓᩠ᨴ.

`, '\u{1A61}': `

ᩡ

-aʔ Used to signal the short vowel, rather than the long, in open syllables.

Short, open vowels always end with a glottal stop. Although this vowel is not formally equated with a glottal stop, there is always an unwritten glottal stop where it appears.

Combinations (plain vowels)

ᩮᩡ

eʔ is ᩮᩡ

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

-ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

ᩰᩡ

-oʔ is ᩰᩡ

᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

-oʔ is ᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

ᩯᩡ

-ɛʔ is ᩯᩡ

ᩰᩬᩡ

-ɔʔ is ᩰᩬᩡ

Combinations (diphthongs)

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ɤj is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ

iaʔ is ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ

ɯaʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩡ

ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩡ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A62}': `

ᩢ

-a- dependent vowel.

ᨴᩢ᩠ᨦ

Combinations

ᩮᩢᩣ

aw is ᩮᩢᩣ

ᨡᩮᩢᩣ

ᩮᩢᩤ

aw is ᩮᩢᩤ

ᩰᩢ

o is ᩰᩢ unattested in Owen

ᩢ᩠ᨿ

aj is ᩢ᩠ᨿ unattested in Owen

Shaping

The second tone mark combined with this character may make it appear as if doubled. Unless you know the word, in some fonts, it is not immediately apparent whether the diagonal line represents this vowel or a tone mark.

ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ

`, '\u{1A63}': `

ᩣ

aː when used alone, a long vowel, in open or closed syllables. Note how the vowel sign carries the tone mark and the syllable-final consonant.

ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ

In the combination ᩣᩴ the vowel is shortened.

ᨧᩨᨪ᩶ᩣᩴ

Shaping

This character and 1A64 are both used to represent the same phoneme. The choice of which is used is a matter of spelling. The taller version is typically used after the following consonants: ᨷ ᩅ ᨴ ᨵ ᨣ

This avoids confusion with otherwise similar shapes, eg. ᩅᩣ looks like ᨲ. Some textbooks also recommende its use after: ᨧ ᨻ ᩁ ᨽ

The combination 1A36 1A63 forms a ligature 1A36 1A63.

Combinations

ᩋᩣ

ʔaː is ᩋᩣ

ᩣ᩠ᨿ

aːj is ᩣ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩢᩣ

aw is ᩮᩢᩣ

ᩮᩣ

oː is ᩮᩣ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A64}': `

ᩤ

aː when used alone, a long vowel, in open or closed syllables.

ᨣᩢ᩠ᨶᩅᩤ᩵

In the combination ᩤᩴ the vowel is shortened.

Shaping

This character and 1A63 are both used to represent the same phoneme. The choice of which is used is a matter of spelling. The taller version is typically (Owen says only, for Khüno,152) used after ᨷ ᩅ ᨴ ᨵ ᨣ

This avoids confusion with otherwise similar shapes, eg. ᩅᩣ looks like ᨲ. Some textbooks also recommende it's use after ᨧ ᨻ ᩁ ᨽ

Combinations

Participates in the following vowel sign sequence.

-aw is ᩮᩢᩤ

ᨣᩮᩢᩤ

`, '\u{1A65}': `

ᩥ

i short dependent vowel in open or closed syllables.

ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ

Combinations (plain vowels)

ᩮᩬᩥ

ɤː is ᩮᩬᩥ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩡ

ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩡ unattested in Owen

Combinations (diphthongs)

ᩮᩬᩥ

ɨa- also is ᩮᩬᩥ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋ

ɯa is ᩮᩬᩥᩋ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ

ɯaʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A66}': `

ᩦ

-iː long dependent vowel, used in open or closed syllablese o152-3.

ᨶᩦ᩶

`, '\u{1A67}': `

ᩧ

ɯ dependent vowel with inherent vowele o152-3.

ᩉ᩠ᨶᩧ᩵ᨦ

Combinations

ᩧ᩠ᨿ

ɯj is ᩧ᩠ᨿ

`, '\u{1A68}': `

ᩨ

-ɯː long dependent vowel, used in open or closed syllables.

ᨩᩨ᩵

Combinations (plain vowels)

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

-ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

ᩮᩬᩨ

-ɤː is ᩮᩬᩨ

ᨠᩮᩬᩨ

ᩮᩨ

-ɤː- is ᩮᩨ

ᩁᩮᩨ᩠ᨶ

Combinations (diphthongs)

ᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɯːj is ᩨ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ɤj is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɤːj is ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

`, '\u{1A69}': `

ᩩ

-u short dependent vowel, used in open or closed syllablese o152-3.

ᩃᩩᨦ

Combinations

ᩩᨿ

uj is ᩩᨿ

`, '\u{1A6A}': `

ᩪ

-uː long dependent vowel, used in open or closed syllablese o152-3.

ᩃᩪᨠ

Shaping

If there is a subjoined character in the same cluster, this vowel may be displayed in elongated form to the right of the stack, eg.

ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪᨶ᩶ᩭ

Observation: In ᨧ᩠ᨷᩪ the expected order of code points has to be changed in some fonts because they or USE doesn't yet support the natural codepoint order.

`, '\u{1A6B}': `

ᩫ

-ɔ- short dependent vowel when used alone in closed syllables.

ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ

Combinationse o152-3

᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

-oʔ is ᩠ᩅᩫᩡ

᩠ᩅᩫ

-oː is ᩠ᩅᩫ

ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ

`, '\u{1A6C}': `

ᩬ

-ɔː- long dependent vowel, used alone in closed syllables.

ᩉᩬᨷ

Combinations (plain vowels)

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

-ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

ᩮᩬᩥᩡ

ɤʔ may also be ᩮᩬᩥᩡ unattested in Owene o152-3

ᩮᩬᩨ

-ɤː is ᩮᩬᩨ

ᨠᩮᩨᩬ

ᩰᩬᩡ

-ɔʔ is ᩰᩬᩡ

ᩬᩴ

ɔː is ᩬᩴ unattested in Owen

Combinations (diphthongs)

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ɤj is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɤːj is ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩥᩋ

ɯa is ᩮᩬᩥᩋ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ

ɯaʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥ

ɤː/ɨa- is ᩮᩬᩥ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A6D}': `

ᩭ

-ɔːj long diphthonge o152-3.

ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪᨶ᩶ᩭ

`, '\u{1A6E}': `

ᩮ

-eː long dependent vowel when used alone, in open or closed syllables.

ᩈᩮᩃᩯ᩠ᩅ᩶

Combinations (plain vowels)

ᩮᩡ

eʔ is ᩮᩡ

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

-ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ

ᩮᩬᩨ

-ɤː is ᩮᩬᩨ

ᨠᩮᩬᩨ

ᩮᩨ

-ɤː- is ᩮᩨ

Combinations (diphthongs)

ᩮ᩠ᨿ

ia is ᩮ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩅ

eːw is ᩮᩅ

ᩮᩤ

eːw is ᩮᩤ

ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ɤj is ᩮᩬᩨᩡ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ɤːj is ᩮᩬᩨ᩠ᨿ

ᩮᩢᩣ

aw is ᩮᩢᩣ

ᨡᩮᩢᩣ

ᩮᩢᩤ

aw is ᩮᩢᩤ

ᩮᩣ

oː is ᩮᩣ unattested in Owen

ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ

iaʔ is ᩮ᩠ᨿᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋ

ɯa is ᩮᩬᩥᩋ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ

ɯaʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩋᩡ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥ

ɤː/ɨa- is ᩮᩬᩥ unattested in Owen

ᩮᩬᩥᩡ

ɤʔ is ᩮᩬᩥᩡ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A6F}': `

ᩯ

-ɛː long dependent vowel when used alone, in open or closed syllables.

ᨲᩯ᩠ᨠᨹᩯ᩵

Combinationse o152-3

ᩯᩡ

-ɛʔ is ᩯᩡ

ᩯᩅ

ɛːw is ᩯᩅ

Observation: The example ᩈᩯᨯ᩠ᨦ shows this character twice removed from the consonant it is pronounced after. It's not clear what the sequence of characters should be to achieve this.

`, '\u{1A70}': `

ᩰ

-oː long dependent vowel when used alone, in open or closed syllables.

ᨷᩕᩰ᩠ᨯ

Combinationse o152-3

ᩰᩡ

-oʔ is ᩰᩡ

ᩰᩬᩡ

-ɔʔ is ᩰᩬᩡ

ᩰᩢ

o is ᩰᩢ unattested in Owen

`, '\u{1A71}': `

ᩱ

-aj composite diphthong.

ᨠᩱ᩵

Combinationse o152-3

ᩱ᩠ᨿ

aj can also be written ᩱ᩠ᨿ

ᩉᩱ᩠ᨿ᩵

`, '\u{1A72}': `

ᩲ

`, '\u{1A73}': `

ᩳ

Rare. little used

-ɔː dependent vowel.

ᨻᩳᨾᩯ᩵

`, '\u{1A74}': `

ᩴ

Serves as both a final consonant sound and as a vowel (or vowel component).

Final consonant

-ŋ or -m with the short vowels a, i, u in Pali words.e153 Note that the vowel is shortened.

ᨧᩨᨪ᩶ᩣᩴ

Combinations

ᩴ᩠ᨿ

eːw is ᩴ᩠ᨿ

ᩬᩴ

ɔː is ᩬᩴ unattested in Owen

Shaping

Tai Khün and Tai Lü render it over the vowel sign. Regardless of visual placement, this character should come after the vowel sign (in the same way as it does in Khmere153, eg. កាំ).

`, '\u{1A75}': `

᩵

Tone mark. Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k).

In the 6 tone system,

sets tone 3 for high and mid onsets. ᨠᩱ᩵
sets tone 4 for low. ᨩᩭ᩵

In the 5 tone system, always sets tone 4. ᨠᩱ᩵.

`, '\u{1A76}': `

᩶

Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k).

Sets tone 5 for high and mid onsets, eg. ᨳ᩶ᩣ, and tone 6 for low, eg. ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ

`, '\u{1A76}': `

᩶

Tone mark. Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k).

Sets tone 5 for high and mid class onsets.

ᨳ᩶ᩣ

Sets tone 6 for low class onsets.

ᨶᩢ᩠᩶ᨶ

`, '\u{1A77}': `

᩷

Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k) with a mid register onset. Sets tone 2.

"The origin of these tone markers is not clear. They are used mainly for onomatopoeic words and do not feature in either of the Khuen dictionaries published to date, or the lexica compiled by Peltier from Khuen traditional stories (1999; 2005; 2006). The fact that they are not found in Lan Na or (traditional) Tai Lue scripts also suggests that they are recent introductions to the Khuen orthography. The reason for their introduction can be guessed by looking at the way tones are taught in complete sets in Khuen primers." o154 e

`, '\u{1A78}': `

᩸

Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k) with a mid register onset. Sets tone 1.

`, '\u{1A79}': `

᩹

Used only on unchecked syllables (ie. not ending in -p, -t, or -k) with a mid register onset. Sets tone 6.

`, '\u{1A7A}': `

᩺

-n final consonant. It represents the letter final r, pronounced n.

Owen says that the superscript consonants are limited to final r (this character) and ŋ ( 1A59 ) in syllables where a subscript vowel prevents the use of a subscript final consonant. Superscript forms are mainly found in handwritten text, whereas regular forms of these consonants in postscript position are the norm for printed texts. o145

`, '\u{1A7B}': `

᩻

`, '\u{1A7C}': `

᩼

Silencer mark.

Written over a consonant (normally in final position) when that consonant is not to be pronounced. Frequently used in loans from languages with consonant clusters in the coda such as Pali or Englisho,p149, eg. respectively,

ᩈᩫ᩠ᨾᨷᩪᩁ᩠᩼ᨱ

ᨼᩥ᩠ᩃ᩼ᨾ

`, '\u{1A80}': `

᪀

0 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A81}': `

᪁

1 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A82}': `

᪂

2 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A83}': `

᪃

3 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A84}': `

᪄

4 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A85}': `

᪅

5 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A86}': `

᪆

6 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A87}': `

᪇

7 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A88}': `

᪈

8 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A89}': `

᪉

9 secular (hora) digit.

`, '\u{1A90}': `

᪐

0 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A91}': `

᪑

1 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A92}': `

᪒

2 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A93}': `

᪓

3 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A94}': `

᪔

4 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A95}': `

᪕

5 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A96}': `

᪖

6 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A97}': `

᪗

7 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A98}': `

᪘

8 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1A99}': `

᪙

9 ecclesiastical (tham) digit.

`, '\u{1AA0}': `

᪠

`, '\u{1AA1}': `

᪡

`, '\u{1AA2}': `

᪢

`, '\u{1AA3}': `

᪣

`, '\u{1AA4}': `

᪤

`, '\u{1AA5}': `

᪥

`, '\u{1AA6}': `

᪦

`, '\u{1AA7}': `

ᪧ

Used to indicate reduplication of the preceding word, eg. ᨴᩩᨠᪧ. Adverbs, for example, are often derived by reduplicating an adjective. o p149

`, '\u{1AA8}': `

᪨

The four signs ᪨, ᪩, ᪪, and ᪫ are used in a variety of ways, with progressive values of finality.e

`, '\u{1AA9}': `

᪩

The four signs ᪨, ᪩, ᪪, and ᪫ are used in a variety of ways, with progressive values of finality.e

At the end of a section, this character and ᪬ may be combined with ᪦ in a number of wayse:

᪦᪦᪩ ᪩᪦᪩ ᪩᪦᪩᪬ ᪦᪦᪬

The following section starters have been observede:

᪣᪩ ᪩᪥᪩ `, '\u{1AAA}': `

᪪

The four signs ᪨, ᪩, ᪪, and ᪫ are used in a variety of ways, with progressive values of finality.e

`, '\u{1AAB}': `

᪫

The four signs ᪨, ᪩, ᪪, and ᪫ are used in a variety of ways, with progressive values of finality.e

`, '\u{1AAC}': `

᪬

`, '\u{1AAD}': `

᪭

`, }