ᯀ
a for standalone vowels in Mandailing, Pakpak, Toba, and Karo.ab
ha also in Karo and Pakpak.ab
Compare with ᯁ [U+1BC1 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN A].
`, '\u{1BC1}': `ᯁ
a for standalone vowels in Simalungun.ab
Compare with ᯀ [U+1BC0 BATAK LETTER A].
`, '\u{1BC2}': `ᯂ
ha in syllable-initial position for Tobaab, eg. ᯂᯗ ᯀᯂ
Toba does not have syllable initial kab.
-k in syllable-final positionab, eg. ᯞᯂ᯲ᯞᯂ᯲
k in syllable-initial and syllable-final position for Karo and Pakpakab, eg. ᯀᯂᯬ
Compare with ᯄ [U+1BC4 BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA] and ᯃ [U+1BC3 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN HA].
`, '\u{1BC3}': `ᯃ
ha in syllable-initial position for Simalungun, which does not have syllable-initial kab.
-k in syllable-final position.
Compare with ᯄ [U+1BC4 BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA] and ᯂ [U+1BC2 BATAK LETTER HA].
`, '\u{1BC4}': `ᯄ
ha in syllable-initial position for Mandailing, which does not have syllable-initial kab.
-k in syllable-final positionab.
ᯄᯞᯄ᯲
Compare with ᯃ [U+1BC3 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN HA] and ᯂ [U+1BC2 BATAK LETTER HA].
Combinations
ᯄ᯦ [U+1BC4 BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA + U+1BE6 BATAK SIGN TOMPI] is k in Mandailing.
`, '\u{1BC5}': `ᯅ
ba in Mandailing, Pakpak, Toba, and Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯆ [U+1BC6 BATAK LETTER KARO BA].
`, '\u{1BC6}': `ᯆ
ba in Karoab.
Compare with ᯅ [U+1BC5 BATAK LETTER BA].
`, '\u{1BC7}': `ᯇ
pa in Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Tobaab.
Compare with ᯈ [U+1BC8 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN PA].
`, '\u{1BC8}': `ᯈ
pa in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯇ [U+1BC7 BATAK LETTER PA].
`, '\u{1BC9}': `ᯉ
na in all languagesab.
The line above almost always extends slightly beyond the left of the circle.
In Mandailing an alternative exists: ᯊ [U+1BCA BATAK LETTER MANDAILING NA].
`, '\u{1BCA}': `ᯊ
na as an occasional alternative shape for ᯉ [U+1BC9 BATAK LETTER NA] in Mandailing manuscripts. It is called 'Ancient NA' because the shape resembles that of the Malayu script of Sumatra and the Old Javanese script.ab
`, '\u{1BCB}': `ᯋ
wa in Karo and Mandailing.
It is also used to write vowel sequences such as -ua, -ue, and -ui, though a w is not pronounced, eg. compare the following spellings of the same word where the first is much more common than the secondab:
ᯑᯮᯋ ᯑᯮᯀ
Compare with ᯌ [U+1BCC BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN WA] and ᯍ [U+1BCD BATAK LETTER PAKPAK WA].
`, '\u{1BCC}': `ᯌ
wa in loan words in Simalungun. It is a recent addition to the repertoire.ab
It is also used to write vowel sequences such as -ua, -ue, and -ui, though a w is not pronouncedab.
Compare with ᯋ [U+1BCB BATAK LETTER WA] and ᯍ [U+1BCD BATAK LETTER PAKPAK WA].
`, '\u{1BCD}': `ᯍ
wa An alternative shape used in Pakpak and Toba manuscriptsab.
Compare with ᯋ [U+1BCB BATAK LETTER WA] and ᯌ [U+1BCC BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN WA].
`, '\u{1BCE}': `ᯎ
ɡa in Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Tobaab.
Compare with ᯏ [U+1BCF BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN GA].
`, '\u{1BCF}': `ᯏ
ɡa in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯎ [U+1BCE BATAK LETTER GA].
`, '\u{1BD0}': `ᯐ
d͡ʒa in all languagesab.
`, '\u{1BD1}': `ᯑ
da in all languagesab.
`, '\u{1BD2}': `ᯒ
ra in Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Tobaab.
Compare with ᯓ [U+1BD3 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN RA].
`, '\u{1BD3}': `ᯓ
ra in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯒ [U+1BD2 BATAK LETTER RA].
`, '\u{1BD4}': `ᯔ
ma in Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Tobaab.
Compare with ᯕ [U+1BD5 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN MA].
`, '\u{1BD5}': `ᯕ
ma in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯔ [U+1BD4 BATAK LETTER MA].
`, '\u{1BD6}': `ᯖ
ta in Mandailing, and Simalungunab.
It is also one of 2 alternatives used for Toba, however ᯗ [U+1BD7 BATAK LETTER NORTHERN TA] is used around 60% of the time for that languageab.
Compare with ᯗ [U+1BD7 BATAK LETTER NORTHERN TA].
`, '\u{1BD7}': `ᯗ
ta in Karo, and Pakpakab.
It is also one of 2 alternatives used for Toba, where ᯖ [U+1BD6 BATAK LETTER SOUTHERN TA] is used around 40% of the timeab.
Compare with ᯖ [U+1BD6 BATAK LETTER SOUTHERN TA].
`, '\u{1BD8}': `ᯘ
sa in Karo, Toba, and Pakpakab.
Compare with ᯙ [U+1BD9 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN SA] and ᯚ [U+1BDA BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA].
`, '\u{1BD9}': `ᯙ
sa in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯘ [U+1BD8 BATAK LETTER SA] and ᯚ [U+1BDA BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA].
`, '\u{1BDA}': `ᯚ
sa in Mandailingab.
Compare with ᯘ [U+1BD8 BATAK LETTER SA] and ᯙ [U+1BD9 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN SA].
Combinations
ᯚ᯦ [U+1BDA BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA + U+1BE6 BATAK SIGN TOMPI] is t͡ʃ in Mandailing.
`, '\u{1BDB}': `ᯛ
ja in Mandailing, Karo, & Pakpak. Also in Indonesian loan words for Toba.ab ᯇᯛ
It is also used as a common alternative to a standalone vowel when writing word-medial vowel sequences such as -ea and -ia, though a j is not pronouncedab, eg.
ᯇᯩᯛ
`, '\u{1BDC}': `ᯜ
ja in Indonesian loan words for Simalungunab.
It is also used to write word-medial vowel sequences such as -ea and -ia, though a j is not pronounced, eg. compare the following spellings of the same word where the first is much more common than the secondab:
ᯤᯜ ᯤᯀ
`, '\u{1BDD}': `ᯝ
ŋa in syllable-initial position in all languages.
In syllable-final position, use ᯰ [U+1BF0 BATAK CONSONANT SIGN NG].
`, '\u{1BDE}': `ᯞ
la in Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, and Tobaab.
Compare with ᯟ [U+1BDF BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN LA].
`, '\u{1BDF}': `ᯟ
la in Simalungunab.
Compare with ᯞ [U+1BDE BATAK LETTER LA].
`, '\u{1BE0}': `ᯠ
ɲa in Mandailing, Toba, and Simalungun.
t͡ʃa in Karo (which has no ɲ sound)ab. In Karo, the same sound can also be written using ᯡ [U+1BE1 BATAK LETTER CA].
`, '\u{1BE1}': `ᯡ
t͡ʃa in Karo. This sound can also be written using ᯠ [U+1BE0 BATAK LETTER NYA].
`, '\u{1BE2}': `ᯢ
ⁿda in Karo.
`, '\u{1BE3}': `ᯣ
ᵐba in Karo.
The shape of this letter may have a slash rather than a dot, or may have an indentation in the bottom of the circle.ab
`, '\u{1BE4}': `ᯤ
i for standalone vowels at the beginning of a word or after a vowel (ie. syllable-initial), for all languages ᯤᯉ
An optional alternative is to write this standalone vowel sound in one of the following ways:
ᯥ
u for standalone vowels at the beginning of a word or after a vowel (ie. syllable-initial), for all languages ᯂᯥᯑᯉᯉ᯲
`, '\u{1BE6}': `᯦
Used to create extended consonant letters in Mandailing.
Combinations
k is ᯄ᯦ [U+1BC4 BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA + U+1BE6 BATAK SIGN TOMPI].
t͡ʃ is ᯚ᯦ [U+1BDA BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA + U+1BE6 BATAK SIGN TOMPI].
`, '\u{1BE7}': `ᯧ
ə in Karo ᯔᯧᯀᯧᯒ᯳ᯎ
`, '\u{1BE8}': `ᯨ
ə in Pakpak
o in Karo.
See also the alternative form used in Karo, ᯨ [U+1BE8 BATAK VOWEL SIGN PAKPAK E].
`, '\u{1BE9}': `ᯩ
e in all languages ᯒᯩᯜ
`, '\u{1BEA}': `ᯪ
i for all languages ᯚᯪᯒᯰ
Compare with the alternate shape used for Simalungun and Karo, ᯫ [U+1BEB BATAK VOWEL SIGN KARO I].
`, '\u{1BEB}': `ᯫ
i the preferred shape for Simalungun, and an alternative shape for Karoab ᯘᯫᯒᯰ
Compare with the more widespread shape, ᯪ [U+1BEA BATAK VOWEL SIGN I].
`, '\u{1BEC}': `ᯬ
o for Simalungun, Mandailing, Toba, and Pakpak ᯅᯬᯘᯪ
u for Karo ᯀᯂᯬ
`, '\u{1BED}': `ᯭ
o in Karo.
See also the alternative form ᯨ [U+1BE8 BATAK VOWEL SIGN PAKPAK E].
ou in Simalungun.
`, '\u{1BEE}': `ᯮ
u for Simalungun, Mandailing, Toba, and Pakpak ᯀᯘᯮ ᯀᯮᯅᯉ᯲ ᯐᯒᯮᯔ᯲
This vowel-sign often ligates with the base consonant, as shown in the following examples:
ᯇᯮ ᯅᯮ ᯗᯮ ᯖᯮ ᯑᯮ ᯂᯮ ᯎᯮ ᯐᯮ ᯘᯮ ᯀᯮ ᯔᯮ ᯉᯮ ᯝᯮ ᯋᯮ ᯍᯮ ᯒᯮ ᯞᯮ ᯛᯮ
`, '\u{1BEF}': `ᯯ
u Simalungun. This is used only in Simalungun and only after the letter ᯙ [U+1BD9 BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN SA].
`, '\u{1BF0}': `ᯰ
-ŋ syllable-final consonant for all languages. Appears over a consonant with inherent vowel (in which case is it noticeably aligned to the right – see it compared to the vowel-sign for e in the following example), or over a vowel-sign. ᯅᯒᯩᯒᯰ
`, '\u{1BF1}': `ᯱ
-h syllable-final consonant, in Karo, Pakpak, and Simalungun. (Toba and Mandailing do not have syllable-final sound -h.)
`, '\u{1BF2}': `᯲
Kills the inherent vowel in Mandailing, Pakpak, and Toba.
Compare with ᯳ [U+1BF3 BATAK PANONGONAN], which is the shape used for Kora and Simalungun.
`, '\u{1BF3}': `᯳
Kills the inherent vowel in all languages.
Compare with the alternative shape ᯲ [U+1BF2 BATAK PANGOLAT], which is used for Mandailing, Pakpak, and Toba.
`, '\u{1BFC}': `᯼
A minor mark used to begin paragraphs and stanzas. It can be written as a large sign that physically separates the sections of text, eg. by means of a long trailing line leading from it.ek§4
᯽ [U+1BFD BATAK SYMBOL BINDU PINARBORAS] is one of a number of variants of this sign.ek§4
`, '\u{1BFD}': `᯽
A minor mark used to begin paragraphs and stanzas. It can be written as a large sign that physically separates the sections of text, eg. by means of a long trailing line leading from it.ek§4
It is one of a number of variants of ᯼ [U+1BFC BATAK SYMBOL BINDU NA METEK] .ek§4
`, '\u{1BFE}': `᯾
Sometimes used to separate a title from the main text, which normally begins on the same line.ek§4
`, '\u{1BFF}': `᯿
Used to disambiguate words or phrases, this bindu is trailing punctuation, following a word and to an extent surrounding the previous character.ek§4
`, }