/* */ var charDetails = { '\u{0600}': `

`, '\u{0601}': `

`, '\u{0602}': `

`, '\u{0603}': `

`, '\u{0604}': `

`, '\u{0605}': `

`, '\u{0606}': `

`, '\u{0607}': `

`, '\u{0608}': `

`, '\u{0609}': `

`, '\u{060A}': `

`, '\u{060B}': `

`, '\u{060C}': `

`, '\u{060D}': `

`, '\u{060E}': `

`, '\u{060F}': `

`, '\u{0610}': `

`, '\u{0611}': `

`, '\u{0612}': `

`, '\u{0613}': `

`, '\u{0614}': `

`, '\u{0615}': `

`, '\u{0616}': `

`, '\u{0617}': `

`, '\u{0618}': `

`, '\u{0619}': `

`, '\u{061A}': `

`, '\u{061B}': `

`, '\u{061C}': `

`, '\u{061E}': `

`, '\u{061F}': `

`, '\u{0620}': `

`, '\u{0621}': `

`, '\u{0622}': `

`, '\u{0623}': `

a word-initial vowel.

أَیْكِى

Since Hausa is almost always fully-vowelled, this is usually used in the combination أ + َ [U+0623 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE + U+064E ARABIC FATHA], which equates to a word-initial a in the Latin orthography.

`, '\u{0624}': `

`, '\u{0625}': `

i word-initial vowel.

إِدَࢽْ

Since Hausa is almost always fully-vowelled, this is usually used in the combination إ + ِ [U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW + U+0650 ARABIC KASRA], which equates to a word-initial i in the Latin orthography.

`, '\u{0626}': `

`, '\u{0627}': `

Not used alone, but in one of the following combinations.

aː is ◌َا [U+064E ARABIC FATHA + U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF].

شُࢽَا

uː in final position is ◌ُواْ [U+064F ARABIC DAMMA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW + U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF + U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN].

طَࢽْ ࢻُودِیُواْ Ɗan Foɗio

Vowel carrier

It is also used as a vowel carrier for word-initial sounds in decomposed text for the following.

a- see أ [U+0623 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE].

i- see إ [U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW].

`, '\u{0628}': `

b consonant.

بَبَّ

Occasionally this letter may represent the sound ɓ, which is more typically represented in the Warsh orthography using ٻ [U+067B ARABIC LETTER BEEH].

`, '\u{0629}': `

`, '\u{062A}': `

t consonant.

تَتَّبَرَا

غََازٜت

`, '\u{062B}': `

t͡ʃ consonant.

ثُوثِ

أَبَاثَادَا

`, '\u{062C}': `

d͡ʒ or ʒ consonant.

جِࢽِى

بِرْجِکْ

`, '\u{062D}': `

h This character is the standard form for representing this sound.

حَرْشٜ

دَاحِر

For Quranic names, ه [U+0647 ARABIC LETTER HEH] is generally used, but both can sometimes also be used interchangeablyaww, eg. compare

حَوْسَا

هَوْسَا

`, '\u{062E}': `

`, '\u{062F}': `

دَاحِر

إِدَࢽْ

Occasionally this letter may represent the sound ɗ, which is more typically represented in the Warsh orthography using ط [U+0637 ARABIC LETTER TAH].

`, '\u{0630}': `

z in borrowed words. Normally in Hausa this sound is written using ز [U+0632 ARABIC LETTER ZAIN].

`, '\u{0631}': `

r or ɽ consonant.

رَاٻَا

ࢻُرٜىٰ

حَرْشٜ

لَرُورَا

`, '\u{0632}': `

z as the standard letter for this sound.

زُومُواْ

غََازٜت

In loan words/regional variants, this sound may be written using ذ [U+0630 ARABIC LETTER THAL] or ظ [U+0638 ARABIC LETTER ZAH].

`, '\u{0633}': `

سِیَاسَا

إِسْکَا

In Arabic loan words, this sound may be written using ص [U+0635 ARABIC LETTER SAD].

`, '\u{0634}': `

ʃ consonant.

شٜىٰکَرَا

حَرْشٜ

`, '\u{0635}': `

s in borrowed words. Normally in Hausa this sound is written using س [U+0633 ARABIC LETTER SEEN].

`, '\u{0636}': `

l occasionally in loan words/regional variants. Normally in Hausa this sound is written using ل [U+0644 ARABIC LETTER LAM].

`, '\u{0637}': `

طَیَ

مَطَاثِى

Another occasional representation of this phoneme is د [U+062F ARABIC LETTER DAL].

`, '\u{0638}': `

z in borrowed words. Normally in Hausa this sound is written using ز [U+0632 ARABIC LETTER ZAIN].

`, '\u{0639}': `

Observation: Believed to be used as a vowel carrier for standalone vowels. As such, it would represent the glottal stop. Needs confirmation.

`, '\u{063A}': `

ɡ consonant.

غَجٜىٰرٜىٰ

کُوغِى

`, '\u{063B}': `

`, '\u{063C}': `

`, '\u{063D}': `

`, '\u{063E}': `

`, '\u{063F}': `

j̰ in the Hafs orthography.

In the Warsh orthography, this sound is written using ۑ [U+06D1 ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW].

`, '\u{0640}': `

`, '\u{0641}': `

ɸ in the Hafs orthography.

In the Warsh orthography this sound is written using ࢻ [U+08BB ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH].

`, '\u{0642}': `

kʼ in the Hafs orthography.

In the Warsh orthography this sound is written using ࢼ [U+08BC ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF].

`, '\u{0643}': `

k in the Hafs orthography.

In the Warsh orthography this sound is written using ک [U+06A9 ARABIC LETTER KEHEH]. In the Kano style, both letters look the same, but in a Naskh style the final form differs.

kʼ is an occasional alternative usage in borrowed words/regional variants.

`, '\u{0644}': `

لَرُورَا

کَمَالَا

In loan words/regional variants, this sound may occasionally be written using ض [U+0636 ARABIC LETTER DAD].

`, '\u{0645}': `

m consonant.

مُوتَا

زُومُواْ

`, '\u{0646}': `

n in the Hafs orthography.

In the Warsh orthography this sound is written using ࢽ [U+08BD ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON].

`, '\u{0647}': `

h for Quranic names.

Normally, this sound is written in Hausa ajami using ح [U+062D ARABIC LETTER HAH], but both can sometimes also be used interchangeablyaww, eg. compare

حَوْسَا

هَوْسَا

`, '\u{0648}': `

w when used alone as a consonant.

وَتَ

سَیْوَا

Vowels

Used as part of the following combinations:

uː or oː is ◌ُو [U+064F ARABIC DAMMA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW].

سُوࢽَا

مُوتَا

-oː at the end of a word is ◌ُواْ [U+064F ARABIC DAMMA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW + U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF + U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN].

زُومُواْ

aw is ◌َوْ [U+064E ARABIC FATHA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW + U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN].

حَوْسَا

`, '\u{0649}': `

Not used alone as a consonant – see instead ی [U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH]. However, it is used rather than the latter to lengthen vowels:

iː is ◌ِى [U+0650 ARABIC KASRA + U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA]. When word initial, it is ىِٕ [U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA + U+0650 ARABIC KASRA + U+0655 ARABIC HAMZA BELOW].

eː is ◌ٜىٰ [U+065C ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW + U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA + U+0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF]. When word initial, it is ىٰٜ [U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA + U+0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF + U+065C ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW].

`, '\u{064A}': `

Observation: Possible variant of ی. See Orthographic development & variants.

`, '\u{064B}': `

`, '\u{064C}': `

`, '\u{064D}': `

`, '\u{064E}': `

a vowel. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics are usually shown in Hausa text.

إِدَࢽْ

Combinations

a in word-initial position is أَ [U+0623 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE + U+064E ARABIC FATHA].

أَغَدٜ

aː is ◌َا [U+064E ARABIC FATHA + U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF].

دَاغَا

`, '\u{064F}': `

u or o vowel. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics are usually shown in Hausa text.

حُطُ

دُکْتَا

Combinations

uː or oː is ◌ُو [U+064F ARABIC DAMMA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW].

حُوتُو

مُوتَا

oː in final position is ◌ُواْ [U+064F ARABIC DAMMA + U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW + U+0627 ARABIC LETTER ALEF + U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN].

ࢽُوࢽُواْ

`, '\u{0650}': `

i vowel. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics are usually shown in Hausa text.

بِکَا

Combinations

i in word-initial position is إِ [U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW + U+0650 ARABIC KASRA].

إِدَࢽْ

iː is ◌ِ‍ى [U+0650 ARABIC KASRA + U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA].

أَدِّىࢽِى

-i at the end of a diphthong is ◌ِی [U+0650 ARABIC KASRA + U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH].

أَیْكِى

Note that the last 2 uses are paired with different forms of yeh: ALEF MAKSURA vs FARSI YEH.

`, '\u{0651}': `

Indicates that the consonant over which it is placed is geminated. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics and the shadda are usually shown in Hausa text.

بَبَّ

أَدِّىࢽِى

`, '\u{0652}': `

Indicates that no vowel follows the consonant over which it is placed. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics and the sukun are usually shown in Hausa text.

حَࢽْتَا

إِسْکَا

It also appears over ی [U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH] and و [U+0648 ARABIC LETTER WAW] to signal that this is the second part of a diphthong.

أَیْكِى

حَوْسَا

`, '\u{0653}': `

Only found in decomposed text.

`, '\u{0654}': `

ʔ Indicates a glottal stop, but it only occurs in decomposed characters. Normally, the glyph would appear as part of the precomposed character أ [U+0623 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE].

`, '\u{0655}': `

ʔ Indicates a glottal stop, but it only occurs in decomposed characters. Normally, the glyph would appear as part of the precomposed character إ [U+0625 ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW].

`, '\u{0656}': `

`, '\u{0657}': `

`, '\u{0658}': `

`, '\u{0659}': `

`, '\u{065A}': `

`, '\u{065B}': `

`, '\u{065C}': `

e vowel. Unlike Arabic, all vowel diacritics are usually shown in Hausa text.

ࢻٜسْ

Combinations

eː is ◌ٜىٰ [U+065C ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW + U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA + U+0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF].

تٜىٰکُ

`, '\u{065D}': `

`, '\u{065E}': `

`, '\u{065F}': `

`, '\u{0660}': `

`, '\u{0661}': `

`, '\u{0662}': `

`, '\u{0663}': `

`, '\u{0664}': `

`, '\u{0665}': `

`, '\u{0666}': `

`, '\u{0667}': `

`, '\u{0668}': `

`, '\u{0669}': `

`, '\u{066A}': `

`, '\u{066B}': `

`, '\u{066C}': `

`, '\u{066D}': `

`, '\u{066E}': `

`, '\u{066F}': `

`, '\u{0670}': `

Used only in combination with other characters to make one long vowel.

eː is ◌ٜىٰ [U+065C ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW + U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA + U+0670 ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF].

تٜىٰکُ

`, '\u{0671}': `

`, '\u{0672}': `

`, '\u{0673}': `

`, '\u{0674}': `

`, '\u{0675}': `

`, '\u{0676}': `

`, '\u{0677}': `

`, '\u{0678}': `

`, '\u{0679}': `

`, '\u{067A}': `

`, '\u{067B}': `

ɓ in the Hafs orthography.

This sound is written using 0751 in the Warsh orthography. (Another occasional representation of this phoneme is پ [U+067E ARABIC LETTER PEH].)

`, '\u{067C}': `

`, '\u{067D}': `

`, '\u{067E}': `

Generally used for borrowed words, or in regions which don't make the same phonemic distinctions as standard Hausa.

The sound ɓ is written using ٻ [U+067B ARABIC LETTER BEEH] in the Warsh orthography, and ݑ [U+0751 ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE] in the Hafs orthography.

The sound ɸ, f is written using ࢻ [U+08BB ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH] in the Warsh orthography, and ف [U+0641 ARABIC LETTER FEH] in the Hafs orthography.

`, '\u{067F}': `

`, '\u{0680}': `

`, '\u{0681}': `

`, '\u{0682}': `

`, '\u{0683}': `

`, '\u{0684}': `

`, '\u{0685}': `

`, '\u{0686}': `

`, '\u{0687}': `

`, '\u{0688}': `

`, '\u{0689}': `

`, '\u{068A}': `

`, '\u{068B}': `

`, '\u{068C}': `

`, '\u{068D}': `

`, '\u{068E}': `

`, '\u{068F}': `

`, '\u{0690}': `

`, '\u{0691}': `

`, '\u{0692}': `

`, '\u{0693}': `

`, '\u{0694}': `

`, '\u{0695}': `

`, '\u{0696}': `

`, '\u{0697}': `

`, '\u{0698}': `

`, '\u{0699}': `

`, '\u{069A}': `

`, '\u{069B}': `

`, '\u{069C}': `

`, '\u{069D}': `

`, '\u{069E}': `

`, '\u{069F}': `

sʼ or t͡sʼ ejective consonant.

ڟُوحُو

دُوڟٜىٰ

`, '\u{06A0}': `

`, '\u{06A1}': `

`, '\u{06A2}': `

Observation: Possible variant of ࢻ. See the consonant mapping.

`, '\u{06A3}': `

`, '\u{06A4}': `

`, '\u{06A5}': `

`, '\u{06A6}': `

`, '\u{06A7}': `

Observation: Possible variant of ࢼ. See the consonant mapping.

`, '\u{06A8}': `

`, '\u{06A9}': `

k in the Warsh orthography.

کَمَالَا

بُکَّا

The equivalent in the Hafs orthography is ك [U+0643 ARABIC LETTER KAF]. In the Kano style, both letters look the same, but in a Naskh style the final form differs.

`, '\u{06AA}': `

`, '\u{06AB}': `

`, '\u{06AC}': `

`, '\u{06AD}': `

`, '\u{06AE}': `

`, '\u{06AF}': `

`, '\u{06B0}': `

`, '\u{06B1}': `

`, '\u{06B2}': `

`, '\u{06B3}': `

`, '\u{06B4}': `

`, '\u{06B5}': `

`, '\u{06B6}': `

`, '\u{06B7}': `

`, '\u{06B8}': `

`, '\u{06B9}': `

`, '\u{06BA}': `

`, '\u{06BB}': `

`, '\u{06BC}': `

`, '\u{06BD}': `

`, '\u{06BE}': `

`, '\u{06BF}': `

`, '\u{06C0}': `

`, '\u{06C1}': `

`, '\u{06C2}': `

`, '\u{06C3}': `

`, '\u{06C4}': `

`, '\u{06C5}': `

`, '\u{06C6}': `

`, '\u{06C7}': `

`, '\u{06C8}': `

`, '\u{06C9}': `

`, '\u{06CA}': `

`, '\u{06CB}': `

`, '\u{06CC}': `

j consonant.

یَرِى

بِیُ

Also used for the Hausa diphthong ai in the sequence َ + ی + ْ [U+064E ARABIC FATHA + U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH + U+0652 ARABIC SUKUN]

أَیْكِى

This character is not used to indicate long vowels: for that, use ى [U+0649 ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA].

`, '\u{06CD}': `

`, '\u{06CE}': `

`, '\u{06CF}': `

`, '\u{06D0}': `

`, '\u{06D1}': `

j̰ in the Warsh orthography.

ۑَاۑَا

In the Hafs orthography, this sound is written using ؿ [U+063F ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE].

In the Latin boko orthography this is generally written ʼy, but in Niger it is ƴ.

`, '\u{06D2}': `

`, '\u{06D3}': `

`, '\u{06D4}': `

`, '\u{06D5}': `

`, '\u{06D6}': `

`, '\u{06D7}': `

`, '\u{06D8}': `

`, '\u{06D9}': `

`, '\u{06DA}': `

`, '\u{06DB}': `

Do not use. See Orthographic development & variants.

`, '\u{06DC}': `

`, '\u{06DD}': `

`, '\u{06DE}': `

`, '\u{06DF}': `

`, '\u{06E0}': `

`, '\u{06E1}': `

`, '\u{06E2}': `

`, '\u{06E3}': `

`, '\u{06E4}': `

`, '\u{06E5}': `

`, '\u{06E6}': `

`, '\u{06E7}': `

`, '\u{06E8}': `

`, '\u{06E9}': `

`, '\u{06EA}': `

`, '\u{06EB}': `

`, '\u{06EC}': `

`, '\u{06ED}': `

`, '\u{06EE}': `

`, '\u{06EF}': `

`, '\u{06F0}': `

`, '\u{06F1}': `

`, '\u{06F2}': `

`, '\u{06F3}': `

`, '\u{06F4}': `

`, '\u{06F5}': `

`, '\u{06F6}': `

`, '\u{06F7}': `

`, '\u{06F8}': `

`, '\u{06F9}': `

`, '\u{06FA}': `

`, '\u{06FB}': `

`, '\u{06FC}': `

`, '\u{06FD}': `

`, '\u{06FE}': `

`, '\u{06FF}': `

`, '\u{0750}': `

`, '\u{0751}': `

ɓ implosive consonant.

رَاݑَا

In the Hafs orthography this sound may be represented using ٻ. Some writers may use پ [U+067E ARABIC LETTER PEH] or ب [U+0628 ARABIC LETTER BEH].

`, '\u{0752}': `

`, '\u{0753}': `

`, '\u{0754}': `

`, '\u{0755}': `

`, '\u{0756}': `

`, '\u{0757}': `

`, '\u{0758}': `

`, '\u{0759}': `

`, '\u{075A}': `

`, '\u{075B}': `

`, '\u{075C}': `

`, '\u{075D}': `

`, '\u{075E}': `

`, '\u{075F}': `

`, '\u{0760}': `

`, '\u{0761}': `

`, '\u{0762}': `

`, '\u{0763}': `

kʷ and/or kʲ labialised/palatalised consonant.

See Labialised & palatalised consonants for a discussion of how this character is used in Hausa.

`, '\u{0764}': `

`, '\u{0765}': `

`, '\u{0766}': `

`, '\u{0767}': `

`, '\u{0768}': `

`, '\u{0769}': `

`, '\u{076A}': `

`, '\u{076B}': `

`, '\u{076C}': `

`, '\u{076D}': `

`, '\u{076E}': `

`, '\u{076F}': `

`, '\u{0770}': `

`, '\u{0771}': `

`, '\u{0772}': `

`, '\u{0773}': `

`, '\u{0774}': `

`, '\u{0775}': `

`, '\u{0776}': `

`, '\u{0777}': `

`, '\u{0778}': `

`, '\u{0779}': `

`, '\u{077A}': `

`, '\u{077B}': `

`, '\u{077C}': `

`, '\u{077D}': `

`, '\u{077E}': `

`, '\u{077F}': `

`, '\u{08A0}': `

ࢠ

`, '\u{08A1}': `

ࢡ

`, '\u{08A2}': `

ࢢ

`, '\u{08A3}': `

ࢣ

`, '\u{08A4}': `

ࢤ

`, '\u{08A5}': `

ࢥ

`, '\u{08A6}': `

ࢦ

`, '\u{08A7}': `

ࢧ

`, '\u{08A8}': `

ࢨ

`, '\u{08A9}': `

ࢩ

`, '\u{08AA}': `

ࢪ

`, '\u{08AB}': `

ࢫ

`, '\u{08AC}': `

ࢬ

`, '\u{08AD}': `

ࢭ

`, '\u{08AE}': `

ࢮ

`, '\u{08AF}': `

ࢯ

`, '\u{08B0}': `

ࢰ

`, '\u{08B1}': `

ࢱ

`, '\u{08B2}': `

ࢲ

`, '\u{08B3}': `

ࢳ

`, '\u{08B4}': `

ࢴ

`, '\u{08B6}': `

ࢶ

`, '\u{08B7}': `

ࢷ

`, '\u{08B8}': `

ࢸ

`, '\u{08B9}': `

ࢹ

`, '\u{08BA}': `

ࢺ

`, '\u{08BB}': `

ࢻ

ɸ in the Warsh orthography, which shows dots above the letter only in initial and medial formsu,391. The position of the dots is also on the opposite side to the Hafs orthography equivalent, ف [U+0641 ARABIC LETTER FEH].

ࢻُرٜىٰ

سُࢻَاࢽَا

In borrowed words it may also be written using پ [U+067E ARABIC LETTER PEH].

`, '\u{08BC}': `

ࢼ

kʼ in the Warsh orthography, which shows dots above the letter only in initial and medial formsu,391. The number of dots is reduced to one, compared to the Hafs orthography equivalent, ق [U+0642 ARABIC LETTER QAF].

دَࢼِىࢼَا

ࢼُوࢼِࢼُوࢼِ

`, '\u{08BD}': `

ࢽ

n in the Warsh orthography, which shows dots above the letter only in initial and medial forms.u,391

ࢽُوࢽُواْ

جِࢽِى

حَیْرَࢽْ

In the Hafs orthography this sound is written using ن [U+0646 ARABIC LETTER NOON].

`, '\u{08BE}': `

ࢾ

`, '\u{08BF}': `

ࢿ

`, '\u{08C0}': `

ࣀ

`, '\u{08C1}': `

ࣁ

`, '\u{08C2}': `

ࣂ

`, '\u{08C3}': `

ࣃ

ɡʷ and/or ɡʲ labialised/palatalised consonant.

See Labialised & palatalised consonants for a discussion of how this character is used in Hausa.

`, '\u{08C4}': `

ࣄ

ƙʷ and/or ƙʲ labialised/palatalised consonant.

See Labialised & palatalised consonants for a discussion of how this character is used in Hausa.

`, '\u{08C5}': `

ࣅ

`, '\u{08C6}': `

ࣆ

`, '\u{08C7}': `

ࣇ

`, '\u{08D3}': `

࣓

`, '\u{08D4}': `

ࣔ

`, '\u{08D5}': `

ࣕ

`, '\u{08D6}': `

ࣖ

`, '\u{08D7}': `

ࣗ

`, '\u{08D8}': `

ࣘ

`, '\u{08D9}': `

ࣙ

`, '\u{08DA}': `

ࣚ

`, '\u{08DB}': `

ࣛ

`, '\u{08DC}': `

ࣜ

`, '\u{08DD}': `

ࣝ

`, '\u{08DE}': `

ࣞ

`, '\u{08DF}': `

ࣟ

`, '\u{08E0}': `

࣠

`, '\u{08E1}': `

࣡

`, '\u{08E2}': `

࣢

`, '\u{08E3}': `

ࣣ

`, '\u{08E4}': `

ࣤ

`, '\u{08E5}': `

ࣥ

`, '\u{08E6}': `

ࣦ

`, '\u{08E7}': `

ࣧ

`, '\u{08E8}': `

ࣨ

`, '\u{08E9}': `

ࣩ

`, '\u{08EA}': `

࣪

`, '\u{08EB}': `

࣫

`, '\u{08EC}': `

࣬

`, '\u{08ED}': `

࣭

`, '\u{08EE}': `

࣮

`, '\u{08EF}': `

࣯

`, '\u{08F0}': `

ࣰ

`, '\u{08F1}': `

ࣱ

`, '\u{08F2}': `

ࣲ

`, '\u{08F3}': `

ࣳ

`, '\u{08F4}': `

ࣴ

`, '\u{08F5}': `

ࣵ

`, '\u{08F6}': `

ࣶ

`, '\u{08F7}': `

ࣷ

`, '\u{08F8}': `

ࣸ

`, '\u{08F9}': `

ࣹ

`, '\u{08FA}': `

ࣺ

`, '\u{08FB}': `

ࣻ

`, '\u{08FC}': `

ࣼ

`, '\u{08FD}': `

ࣽ

`, '\u{08FE}': `

ࣾ

`, '\u{08FF}': `

ࣿ

`, '\u{0021}': `

Exclamation mark.

`, '\u{0028}': `

(

Closing parenthesis.

The words 'left' and 'right' in the Unicode names for parentheses, brackets, and other paired characters should be ignored. LEFT should be read as if it said START, and RIGHT as END. The direction in which the glyphs point will be automatically determined according to the base direction of the text.

`, '\u{0029}': `

)

Opening parenthesis.

`, '\u{002E}': `

Full stop.

`, '\u{00AB}': `

Closing quotation mark.

`, '\u{00BB}': `

Opening quotation mark.

`, '\u{2018}': `

‘

Closing quotation mark.

Unlike parentheses, the glyph of this character is not mirrored in right-to-left text.

`, '\u{2019}': `

’

Opening quotation mark.

Unlike parentheses, the glyph of this character is not mirrored in right-to-left text.

`, '\u{201C}': `

“

Closing quotation mark.

Unlike parentheses, the glyph of this character is not mirrored in right-to-left text.

`, '\u{201D}': `

”

Opening quotation mark.

Unlike parentheses, the glyph of this character is not mirrored in right-to-left text.

`, '\u{2039}': `

‹

Closing quotation mark.

`, '\u{203A}': `

›

Opening quotation mark.

`, // zwnj '\u{200C}': `

‌

Zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ).

An invisible character, that prevents two adjacent letters forming a visual connection with each other when rendered. Especially useful for educational illustrations, but also has real-world applications.

It is used to interrupt the shaping of joining glyphs in cursive scripts, and also used to manage the visual interactions of glyphs in other scripts, eg. to prevent the formation of conjuncts, position diacritics, etc.

More details:

Managing glyph shaping

`, // zwj '\u{200D}': `

‍

Zero-width joiner (ZWJ).

An invisible character, that permits a letter to form a cursive connection without a visible neighbour. Especially useful for educational illustrations, but also has some real-world applications.

Also used with complex scripts to manage the visual representation of glyphs that normally interact, eg. to form conjuncts, position diacritics, etc.

More details:

Managing glyph shaping

`, // LRM '\u{200E}': `

An invisible character with strong LTR directional properties that can be used to produce the correct ordering of text, especially where there is a risk of spillover effects while the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm is at work.

Generally referred to as LRM.

`, // RLM '\u{200F}': `

An invisible character with strong RTL directional properties that can be used to produce the correct ordering of text, especially where there is a risk of spillover effects while the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm is at work.

Generally referred to as RLM.

`, // LRE '\u{202A}': `

Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of left-to-right. The range is terminated by 202C (PDF).

Use 2066 (LRI) rather than this character.

`, // RLE '\u{202B}': `

Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of right-to-left. The range is terminated by 202C (PDF).

Use 2067 (RLI) rather than this character.

`, // PDF '\u{202C}': `

Sets the end point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction. The range is started with either 202A (LRE) or 202B (RLE).

Use 2069 (PDI) and its associated range starters rather than this character.

`, // LRI '\u{2066}': `

Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of left-to-right, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).

This character should be used rather than 202A (LRE).

`, // RLI '\u{2067}': `

Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of right-to-left, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).

This character should be used rather than 202B (RLE).

`, // FSI '\u{2068}': `

Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The base direction set is determined by that of the first strong directional character in the range. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).

`, // PDI '\u{2069}': `

Sets the end point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction. The range is started with either 2066 (LRI), 2066 (RLI) or 2068 (FSI).

This character should be used rather than 202C (PDF).

`, }