ئ
ʔ Used before standalone vowels.
ئاشتی
ئێمە
`, '\u{0627}': `
ا
ɑː vowel.
ئال
ئاپارتمان
ھیوا
`, '\u{0628}': `ب
b consonant.
بادەم
بۆمبا
کەڵەباب
`, '\u{062A}': `ت
t consonant.
توتن
ئاشتی
ھەشت
`, '\u{062C}': `ج
d͡ʒ consonant.
جووتیار
زەنجەفیل
پێنج
`, '\u{062D}': `ح
ħ consonant.
حەوت
ئەحمەد
`, '\u{062E}': `
خ
x consonant.
خۆر
قەڵخان
شاخ
`, '\u{062F}': `د
d consonant.
دیوار
حەڤدە
کورد
`, '\u{0631}': `ر
ɾ consonant. Doesn't usually occur in word-initial position.
زەرد
شێر
`, '\u{0632}': `ز
z consonant.
زستان
دوانزە
سەوز
`, '\u{0633}': `س
s consonant.
سوور
بیست
چارەنووس
`, '\u{0634}': `ش
ʃ consonant.
شەش
مریشک
مێش
`, '\u{0639}': `ع
ʕ consonant.
عێراق
جامعە
`, '\u{063A}': `
غ
ɣ consonant.
پێغەمەر
کاغەز
`, '\u{0641}': `ف
f consonant.
فیلم
سفر
`, '\u{0642}': `
ق
q consonant.
قاز
مووسیقی
عەشق
`, '\u{0644}': `ل
l consonant.
لەبن
کۆیلە
فیل
`, '\u{0645}': `م
m consonant.
مازوو
ئێمە
فیلم
بادەم
`, '\u{0646}': `ن
n consonant.
نەچە
پێنج
ناسین
ئەوان
ŋ before a velar consonant.
مانگ
`, '\u{0647}': `ه
h consonant.
This is one of 2 code points used to write this sound. The other is 06BE.
Wikipedia/Wiktionary doesn't use this character at all, but gov.krd only uses this character. Other online resources often have both, but one is in the minority. Both have the same usage; it is just a matter of preference and a lack of clear rules.
هەز
This sound doesn't occur in final position.jkn
`, '\u{0648}': `و
w consonant.
وشک
ڕێوی
پیاو
چوار
ʊ vowel.
کورد
توتن
uː vowel is written as a digraph, consisting of this letter doubled.
بووڵ
بەڕوو
`, '\u{065A}': `ٚ
`, '\u{067E}': `پ
p consonant.
پێنج
سپیدار
تۆپ
`, '\u{0686}': `چ
t͡ʃ consonant.
چاو
قەیچی
خاچ
`, '\u{0695}': `ڕ
r consonant. Word-initial consonants are usually trilled rather than flaps, so this letter is common in that position, but it does occur in other positions, too.
ڕەقە
زێڕنگەر
گۆڕ
`, '\u{0698}': `ژ
ʒ consonant.
ژان
ڕۆژنامە
ڕۆژ
`, '\u{06A4}': `ڤ
v consonant.
ڤۆدکا
هەڤدە
مرۆڤ
`, '\u{06A9}': `ک
k consonant.
کەر
میکرۆب
یەک
`, '\u{06AF}': `گ
ɡ consonant. Doesn't occur word-initially.
گران
زێڕنگەر
مانگ
`, '\u{06B5}': `ڵ
ɫ consonant.
سڵاو
قەڵخان
چۆڵ
`, '\u{06BE}': `ھ
h consonant.
This is one of 2 code points used to write this sound. The other is 0647.
Wikipedia/Wiktionary only uses this character, but gov.krd doesn't use this character at all. Other online resources often have both, although one is usually in the minority. Both have the same usage; it is just a matter of preference and a lack of clear rules.
ھیوا
ئۆھایۆ
This sound doesn't occur in final position.jkn
`, '\u{06C6}': `ۆ
oː vowel.
ئۆھایۆ
بۆن
چەقۆ
`, '\u{06CA}': `ۊ
`, '\u{06CC}': `ی
j consonant, medial, or glide.
یانزە
سیانزە
چووی
پیاو
iː vowel.
بیست
قاوەیی
`, '\u{06CE}': `ێ
eː vowel.
ئێوە
ڕێوی
شێر
گەمێ
`, '\u{06D5}': `ە
æ or avowel, generally.
بەفر
ئەرمەن
ə vowel before the codas -w and -j.
گەورە
شەو
قەیچی
ɛ vowel before a j- onset.
`, '\u{06F1}': `
۱
1 digit.
`, '\u{06F2}': `۲
2 digit.
`, '\u{06F3}': `۳
3 digit.
`, '\u{06F4}': `۴
4 digit.
`, '\u{06F5}': `۵
5 digit.
`, '\u{06F6}': `۶
6 digit.
`, '\u{06F7}': `۷
7 digit.
`, '\u{06F8}': `۸
8 digit.
`, '\u{06F9}': `۹
9 digit.
`, '\u{06F0}': `۰
0 digit.
`, '\u{2011}': `‑
`, '\u{2013}': `–
`, '\u{2014}': `—
`, '\u{2018}': `‘
`, '\u{2019}': `’
`, '\u{201C}': `“
`, '\u{201D}': `”
`, '\u{2026}': `…
`, '\u{2030}': `‰
`, '\u{2039}': `‹
`, '\u{203A}': `›
`, '\u{2E2B}': `⸫
Sentence final marker.
`, '\u{0021}': `!
`, '\u{0025}': `%
`, '\u{0028}': `(
`, '\u{0029}': `)
`, '\u{002D}': `-
`, '\u{002E}': `.
`, '\u{003A}': `:
`, '\u{005B}': `[
`, '\u{005D}': `]
`, '\u{00AB}': `«
Opening quotation mark.
`, '\u{00BB}': `»
Closing quotation mark.
`, '\u{060C}': `،
`, '\u{061B}': `؛
`, '\u{061F}': `؟
`, // FORMATTING CHARACTERS // zwsp '\u{200B}': `An invisible character, used to signal line-break and word-break opportunities. It was originally provided for use with writing systems such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, Japanese, etc. that don't use spaces between words.
Justification visibly adjusts the space between the characters on either side of the ZWSP as if the ZWSP wasn't there§,827, eg. the two lines below show Thai text containing a ZWSP after the 4th base character. The first is rendered as per normal, the second is as it would appear with justification or letter-spacing. Note how the second line has no extra spacing where the ZWSP occurs. อักษรไทย อั ก ษ ร ไ ท ย
`, // zwnj '\u{200C}': `
Zero-width non-joiner (ZWNJ).
An invisible character, that prevents two adjacent letters forming a visual connection with each other when rendered. Especially useful for educational illustrations, but also has real-world applications.
It is used to interrupt the shaping of joining glyphs in cursive scripts, and also used to manage the visual interactions of glyphs in other scripts, eg. to prevent the formation of conjuncts, position diacritics, etc.
More details:
`, // zwj '\u{200D}': `
Zero-width joiner (ZWJ).
An invisible character, that permits a letter to form a cursive connection without a visible neighbour. Especially useful for educational illustrations, but also has some real-world applications.
Also used with complex scripts to manage the visual representation of glyphs that normally interact, eg. to form conjuncts, position diacritics, etc.
More details:
`, // LRM '\u{200E}': `An invisible character with strong LTR directional properties that can be used to produce the correct ordering of text, especially where there is a risk of spillover effects while the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm is at work.
Generally referred to as LRM.
`, // RLM '\u{200F}': `An invisible character with strong RTL directional properties that can be used to produce the correct ordering of text, especially where there is a risk of spillover effects while the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm is at work.
Generally referred to as RLM.
`, // LRE '\u{202A}': `Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of left-to-right. The range is terminated by 202C (PDF).
Use 2066 (LRI) rather than this character.
`, // RLE '\u{202B}': `Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of right-to-left. The range is terminated by 202C (PDF).
Use 2067 (RLI) rather than this character.
`, // PDF '\u{202C}': `Sets the end point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction. The range is started with either 202A (LRE) or 202B (RLE).
Use 2069 (PDI) and its associated range starters rather than this character.
`, // LRI '\u{2066}': `Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of left-to-right, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).
This character should be used rather than 202A (LRE).
`, // RLI '\u{2067}': `Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction of right-to-left, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).
This character should be used rather than 202B (RLE).
`, // FSI '\u{2068}': `Sets the start point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction, and isolates the text within that range from text outside it. The base direction set is determined by that of the first strong directional character in the range. The isolation prevents unintended spill-over effects when the text is reordered by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. The range is terminated by 2069 (PDI).
`, // PDI '\u{2069}': `Sets the end point for a range of inline text when applying a base direction. The range is started with either 2066 (LRI), 2066 (RLI) or 2068 (FSI).
This character should be used rather than 202C (PDF).
`, // CGJ '\u{034F}': `Used in Arabic to produce special ordering of diacritics. The name is a misnomer, as it is generally used to break the normal sequence of diacritics.
`, '\u{064A}': `ي
Rare. not normally used
Decomposed part of standalone vowel carrier.
`, '\u{0654}': `ٔ
Rare. not normally used
Decomposed part of standalone vowel carrier.
`, } //